NCT04099992

Brief Summary

This study will test whether mindfulness meditation (MM) improves sympathetic function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and whether transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) optimizes the sympatho-inhibitory effects of mindfulness meditation (MM) and restores autonomic balance in CKD patients.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
150

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
4mo left

Started Sep 2019

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress95%
Sep 2019Sep 2026

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 20, 2019

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 20, 2019

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

September 23, 2019

Completed
6.9 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 1, 2026

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

September 1, 2026

Last Updated

October 21, 2025

Status Verified

October 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

7 years

First QC Date

September 20, 2019

Last Update Submit

October 17, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

MindfulnessTranscutaneous Vagus Nerve StimulationtVNSSympatho-inhibitory effects

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Change in Mean Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity (MSNA) Burst Frequency (BF)

    Multiunit postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity is recorded from a tungsten microelectrode inserted into the peroneal nerve with a reference microelectrode inserted in close proximity. Efferent nerve signals are amplified, filtered, rectified and integrated (time constant 0.1 s) to obtain a mean voltage display of MSNA. MSNA bursts are automatically detected using the following criteria: burst-to-noise ratio of 3:1 within a 0.5-s search window, with an average latency of 1.2-1.3 s in burst occurrence from the previous R-wave. MSNA is expressed as burst frequency measured a bursts per minute.

    Baseline, 8 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (5)

  • Change in Daytime Blood Pressure (BP)

    Baseline, 8 weeks

  • Change in Nocturnal Dipping of Blood Pressure (BP)

    Baseline, 8 weeks

  • Change in Heart Rate Assessed by 24-hour EKG Monitoring

    Baseline, 8 weeks

  • Change in Baroreflex Sensitivity (BRS) Among Protocol 2 Participants

    Baseline, 8 weeks

  • Change in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Level Among Protocol 2 Participants

    Baseline, 8 weeks

Study Arms (6)

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

EXPERIMENTAL

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) tis designed to provide education about mindfulness and stress; experiential mindfulness practice, and discussion of participants' experiences with mindfulness practice. MBSR is delivered in 8 weekly 2.5-hour group sessions and one day-long retreat that occurs after the 6th session.

Behavioral: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)

Health enhancement program (HEP)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Health enhancement program (HEP) is designed to provide a structurally parallel, active control intervention to MBSR with health benefits in their own right, while omitting any components of mindfulness. HEP participants will meet with a health educator in a group setting for 8 weekly 2.5-hour sessions with a day-long retreat.

Behavioral: Health enhancement program (HEP)

MBSR+tVNS

EXPERIMENTAL

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) tis designed to provide education about mindfulness and stress; experiential mindfulness practice, and discussion of participants' experiences with mindfulness practice. MBSR is delivered in 8 weekly 2.5-hour group sessions and one day-long retreat that occurs after the 6th session. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a simple, noninvasive, self-administered adjunctive therapy, that may enhance the sympatho-inhibitory effects of mindfulness meditation (MM) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) .

Behavioral: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)Device: Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS)

MBSR+sham-tVNS

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) tis designed to provide education about mindfulness and stress; experiential mindfulness practice, and discussion of participants' experiences with mindfulness practice. MBSR is delivered in 8 weekly 2.5-hour group sessions and one day-long retreat that occurs after the 6th session. Sham stimulation will be delivered using a sham device that is identical in appearance and function to tVNS, but programmed to produce a lower frequency biphasic signal that can be felt by the participant without actually stimulating the vagus nerve.

Behavioral: Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)Device: Sham-transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS)

HEP+tVNS

EXPERIMENTAL

Health enhancement program (HEP) is designed to provide a structurally parallel, active control intervention to MBSR with health benefits in their own right, while omitting any components of mindfulness. HEP participants will meet with a health educator (a registered dietician) in a group setting for 8 weekly 2.5-hour sessions. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a simple, noninvasive, self-administered adjunctive therapy, that may enhance the sympatho-inhibitory effects of mindfulness meditation (MM) in chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Behavioral: Health enhancement program (HEP)Device: Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS)

HEP+sham-tVNS

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Health enhancement program (HEP) is designed to provide a structurally parallel, active control intervention to MBSR with health benefits in their own right, while omitting any components of mindfulness. HEP participants will meet with a health educator in a group setting for 8 weekly 2.5-hour sessions. Sham stimulation is be delivered using a sham device that is identical in appearance and function to tVNS, but programmed to produce a lower frequency (0.1 Hz) biphasic signal that can be felt by the participant without actually stimulating the vagus nerve.

Behavioral: Health enhancement program (HEP)Device: Sham-transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (tVNS)

Interventions

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) is delivered in 8 weekly 2.5-hour group sessions and one day-long retreat that occurs after the 6th session. MBSR teaches to become more aware of thoughts, feelings, and sensations, and to skillfully respond to stressors. Each of the sessions includes education about mindfulness and stress; experiential mindfulness practice, and discussion of participants' experiences with mindfulness practice. Participants learn formal mindfulness practices (e.g., meditation, yoga, body scan, body scan) as well as informal such as awareness of breath, thoughts, or emotions, and mindfulness of daily activities. Participants will receive digital audio (MP3) downloads with guided MM practices, a home practice manual, and handouts with each week's assignments. Daily home practice will consist of 40-45 minutes of recorded practice. Participants will log their daily practice. If a participant misses a class, it is possible to make up the class on a different day.

MBSR+sham-tVNSMBSR+tVNSMindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

8-week health enhancement program (HEP) is designed to provide a structurally parallel, active control intervention to MBSR with health benefits in their own right, while omitting any components of mindfulness. HEP matches MBSR in structure and content, and in parallel to MBSR, consists of music therapy, nutritional education, posture and balance movements, walking and stretching. Work with all practices with group discussion and exercises during an all-day "spa day" will match the all-day retreat in MBSR. HEP participants will meet with a health educator in a group setting for 8 weekly 2.5-hour sessions. Participants will receive MP3 downloads on an MP3 player with recordings of health education topics, a home listening manual, and weekly handouts with each week's listening assignments. Participants will listen to these MP3 recordings daily for 40-45 minutes and log their daily adherence.

HEP+sham-tVNSHEP+tVNSHealth enhancement program (HEP)

Participants self-administer tVNS twice per day for 8 weeks. tVNS is delivered using a multi-use, hand-held, rechargeable portable device consisting of a rechargeable battery, signal generating and amplifying electronics, and a button for operator control of the stimulation intensity. Conductive gel is applied to the stainless steel round discs on the device and placed vertically on the skin overlying the vagus nerve under the angle of the mandible, between the trachea and sternocleidomastoid muscle. A low-voltage electrical signal is delivered consisting of 5-kilohertz (kHz) sine wave series for 1 ms and repeated every 40 ms, with a maximum delivery of 24 V and 60 milliampere (mA) output. Stimulation amplitude is adjusted by the user and is increased until there is a vibration and slight muscle contraction in the lower face or neck. Stimulation is delivered for 2 minutes on the left side of the neck, and 2 minutes on the right side of the neck, for a total 4 minutes per one dose.

Also known as: gammaCore, Electrocore
HEP+tVNSMBSR+tVNS

Participants self-administer sham-tVNS twice per day for 8 weeks. Sham stimulation will be delivered using a sham device that is identical in appearance and function, but programmed to produce a lower frequency biphasic signal that can be felt by the participant without actually stimulating the vagus nerve.

HEP+sham-tVNSMBSR+sham-tVNS

Eligibility Criteria

Age40 Years - 80 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • stages III and IV CKD as defined by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation
  • stable renal function (no greater than a decline of eGFR of 1 cc/min/1.73 m2 per month over the prior 3 months)

You may not qualify if:

  • severe CKD (eGFR\<15 cc/min)
  • diabetic neuropathy
  • autonomic dysfunction
  • any serious disease that might influence survival
  • anemia with hemoglobin \<10 g/dL
  • treatment with central α-agonists or monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors
  • myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident within the past 6 months
  • uncontrolled hypertension (BP≥170/100 mm Hg)
  • low BP (BP\<100/50 mm Hg)
  • bradycardia (HR\<55 beats/min)
  • ongoing drug or alcohol abuse (defined as \>2 drinks/day in men, and \>1 drink/day in women)
  • surgery within the past 3 months
  • adjustment of antihypertensive medications within the past month
  • pregnancy or plans to become pregnant
  • psychosis
  • +5 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Atlanta VA Medical Center

Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Interventions

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Renal InsufficiencyKidney DiseasesUrologic DiseasesFemale Urogenital DiseasesFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesMale Urogenital DiseasesChronic DiseaseDisease AttributesPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

MindfulnessCognitive Behavioral TherapyBehavior TherapyPsychotherapyBehavioral Disciplines and Activities

Study Officials

  • Jeanie Park

    Emory University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
A third-party investigator outside of the research team will label both real and sham devices with a coded number so that both participants and investigators can remain double-masked during the clinical trial.
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Protocol 1 (R61): 50 CKD participants will be randomized to MBSR (N=25) versus an active control intervention (health enhancement program; N=25). Protocol 2 (R33): 100 CKD participants will be randomized to MBSR+tVNS (n=25), MBSR+sham-tVNS (n=25), HEP+tVNS (n=25), and HEP+sham-tVNS (n=25).
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

September 20, 2019

First Posted

September 23, 2019

Study Start

September 20, 2019

Primary Completion (Estimated)

September 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

September 1, 2026

Last Updated

October 21, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-10

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in the article after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices) will be available for sharing.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP
Time Frame
Data will be available for sharing beginning 9 months and ending 36 months following article publication.
Access Criteria
Data will be shared with researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal for individual participant data meta-analyses and whose proposed use of the data has been approved by an independent review committee identified for this purpose. Requests should be directed to Jeanie.park@emory.edu.

Locations