Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Performance in Soccer Players

NCT04078971 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: KDsoccer
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 16
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

A ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional approach, usually adopted for weight loss, that restricts daily carbohydrates under 30 g/day. KD showed contradictory results on sport performance, whilst no data are available on team sports. The investigators will investigate the influence of a KD on different parameters in soccer players

Conditions

Athletic Performance

Keywords

ketogenic diet; western diet; soccer; sport performance; muscle mass; body composition

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Fat body mass

  Body composition with DEXA: we measure body fat mass in grams.

  4 weeks

• lean body mass

  Body composition with DEXA: we measure lean body mass in grams.

  4 weeks

• Visceral Adipose tissue (VAT)

  Body composition with DEXA: VAT in grams

  4 weeks

• Total body water

  We will use a BIA to calculate totally body water and intracellular and extracellular water in liters

  4 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (8)

• resting energy expenditure (REE)

  4 weeks

• respiratory ratio (RR)

  4 weeks

• specific performance

  4 weeks

• lower limb power

  4 weeks

• quadriceps muscle area

  4 weeks

Study Arms (2)

Ketogenic diet

EXPERIMENTAL

Ketogenic diet: less than 30 g/day of carbohydrate. Subjects can eat beef, veal, poultry, fish, raw and cooked vegetables without restriction, cold cuts such as dried beef, eggs and seasoned cheese (parmesan), ketogenic pasta (selected with a ketogenic ratio of 4:1), fruits with the lowest glycemic index (blueberry, raspberry), raw nuts and seeds, ghee butter, plant oils and fats from avocado, coconut and olives

Other: ketogenic diet

Western diet

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The western diet (WD) is composed mainly of whole cereals (spelt, rye, oat) and pseudo-cereals (buckwheat, quinoa, amaranth), whole grain pasta, potatoes, meet, fish, vegetables, fruit, legumes, olive oil, milk and red wine (at most 1 glass per day). It ensure a constant energy and macronutrient balance: protein 1.8g x Kg-1 x body weight-1 x day-1, (30%), fats 20-25% and carbohydrate 50-55%.

Other: Western diet

Interventions

Western diet OTHER

Subjects in this intervention will follow a normal western diet

Western diet

ketogenic diet OTHER

Subjects in this group will follow a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet

Ketogenic diet

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 30 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• semiprofessional soccer players
• male

You may not qualify if:

• body fat percentage over 32%, (determined via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA),
• cardiovascular,
• respiratory, gastrointestinal,
• thyroid or any other metabolic diseases,
• weight change more than 2 Kg over the last month,
• adherence to special diets,
• use of nutritional supplements (except a daily multivitamin-mineral)
• use of medication to control blood lipids or glucose and goal-keepers.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Antonio Paoli: lead

Study Sites (1)

Nutrition and Exercise Lab, DSB, University of Padova

Padua, 35131, Italy

Location

Related Publications (4)

• Rubini A, Bosco G, Lodi A, Cenci L, Parmagnani A, Grimaldi K, Zhongjin Y, Paoli A. Erratum to: Effects of Twenty Days of the Ketogenic Diet on Metabolic and Respiratory Parameters in Healthy Subjects. Lung. 2017 Feb;195(1):155. doi: 10.1007/s00408-016-9958-0. No abstract available.

  PMID: 27803969 BACKGROUND

• Paoli A, Bianco A, Grimaldi KA. The Ketogenic Diet and Sport: A Possible Marriage? Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2015 Jul;43(3):153-62. doi: 10.1249/JES.0000000000000050.

  PMID: 25906427 BACKGROUND

• Paoli A, Grimaldi K, D'Agostino D, Cenci L, Moro T, Bianco A, Palma A. Ketogenic diet does not affect strength performance in elite artistic gymnasts. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Jul 26;9(1):34. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-34.

  PMID: 22835211 BACKGROUND

• Antonio Paoli A, Mancin L, Caprio M, Monti E, Narici MV, Cenci L, Piccini F, Pincella M, Grigoletto D, Marcolin G. Effects of 30 days of ketogenic diet on body composition, muscle strength, muscle area, metabolism, and performance in semi-professional soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2021 Sep 16;18(1):62. doi: 10.1186/s12970-021-00459-9.

  PMID: 34530857 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Diet, Western; Diet, Ketogenic

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diet; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet Therapy; Nutrition Therapy; Therapeutics

Study Officials

• Antonio Paoli, MD

  University of Padova

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Treatment and control were masked with A and B
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Model Details: It is single blind, parallel arms study

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 29, 2019
• First Posted: September 6, 2019
• Study Start: May 2, 2018
• Primary Completion: October 30, 2018
• Study Completion: December 15, 2018
• Last Updated: September 6, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

IT (1)