NCT04061967

Brief Summary

Prevention of cervical cancer with cervical screening is one of the most successful screening activities in medicine. In Sweden, screening was implemented in the 1960s and has since prevented tens of thousands of women from having cervical cancer. Individual invitations to screening result in increased attendance therefore evaluating strategies for reaching women through invitations is particularly valuable. Women who regularly attend screening following an invitation reduce their risk of cervical cancer by as much as 90%. Of the women who are diagnosed with cervical cancer (about 550 women per year in Sweden), as many as 38% did not participate in the screening. Invitations for screening are sent to the entire population in Sweden aged 23-70. The current coverage of screening is 82.9%, which represents the proportion of women ages 23-70 who attend according to recommendations. In addition, many women are sporadic attenders who reduce their risk for cancer somewhat. The highest cancer risk is seen among those women who have never participated as well as women who have had a history of precancerous lesions or HPV infection but have not been followed-up. Cervical cancer is the first form of cancer for which there are approved molecular screening tests (HPV test). Unlike the older screening method (cytology), self-collected samples can be analyzed for HPV (the analysis method is so sensitive that it does not matter if the sample is not optimally taken). Invitations and reminders about cervical screening are sent by letter to the woman's home address (about 3 million letters per year in Sweden). This strategy results in a waste of resources and has a negative environmental impact. Regarding reminders, we have seen in previous research that the effect is not optimal. When sending a physical reminder letter to women who have not participated in more than 10 years (current routine), only 2% of the women invited came for sampling. Reminders with SMS are now standard for many businesses in society, such as car testing or dental appointments. It is inexpensive, saves the environment and there are studies that suggest it is more effective than sending physical letters. In this study, we intend to investigate whether SMS reminders, electronic letters, and physical letters for screening lead to increased participation and thus to a higher proportion of detected, treatable precursors of cervical cancer compared to before.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
20,000

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
49mo left

Started Aug 2019

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

6 active sites

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Progress62%
Aug 2019Jun 2030

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

August 18, 2019

Completed
1 day until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

August 19, 2019

Completed
1 day until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

August 20, 2019

Completed
10.8 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

June 1, 2030

Expected
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 1, 2030

Last Updated

January 14, 2025

Status Verified

January 1, 2025

Enrollment Period

10.8 years

First QC Date

August 18, 2019

Last Update Submit

January 10, 2025

Conditions

Keywords

participationself samplingscreening

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Proportion of women responding to summon

    Participation rate in screening after summons.

    Measured from the date of the summons until 12 months after the summons

Secondary Outcomes (3)

  • Number of positive screens

    Measured from the date of the summons until 12 months after the summons

  • Rate of precursors of cancer

    Measured from the date of the summons until 12 months after the summons

  • Rate of cancer

    Measured from the date of the summons until 12 months after the summons

Study Arms (1)

HPV self sampling test ordered

OTHER

An invitation to order a HPV self sampling test through an online application will be sent by SMS or electronic letter.

Other: Sending of screening summon.

Interventions

2019-2021 - A Cobas PCR Female swab sample packet will be sent. Response rates (participation) will be measured. 2022 and onwards - A FLOQSwab and corresponding sample tube for analysis on the BD COR platform will be sent.

Also known as: Response to screening summon.
HPV self sampling test ordered

Eligibility Criteria

Age33 Years - 75 Years
Sexfemale(Gender-based eligibility)
Gender Eligibility DetailsOnly women have a cervix
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Women resident in Region Skane who either: 1) have had glandular cell transformation that has not been followed-up, 2) are older than 65 years and have had cell transformation that has not been followed-up or who have not participated in screening during the last 10 years, 3) women who have not been screened for more than 15 years.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (6)

Northern Region

Luleå, Norrbotten County, 901 87, Sweden

RECRUITING

Southern Region

Lund, Skåne County, 221 00, Sweden

RECRUITING

Western Region

Gothenburg, Västra Götaland County, 413 45, Sweden

RECRUITING

Southeast Region

Jönköping, 581 85, Sweden

RECRUITING

Region of Stockholm-Gotland

Stockholm, 112 18, Sweden

RECRUITING

Region of Middle Sweden

Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden

RECRUITING

Related Publications (3)

  • Elfstrom KM, Sundstrom K, Andersson S, Bzhalava Z, Carlsten Thor A, Gzoul Z, Ohman D, Lamin H, Eklund C, Dillner J, Tornberg S. Increasing participation in cervical screening by targeting long-term nonattenders: Randomized health services study. Int J Cancer. 2019 Dec 1;145(11):3033-3039. doi: 10.1002/ijc.32374. Epub 2019 May 10.

    PMID: 31032904BACKGROUND
  • Arroyo Muhr LS, Wang J, Hassan SS, Yilmaz E, Elfstrom MK, Dillner J. Nationwide registry-based trial of risk-stratified cervical screening. Int J Cancer. 2025 Jan 15;156(2):379-388. doi: 10.1002/ijc.35142. Epub 2024 Aug 15.

  • Wang J, Elfstrom KM, Borgfeldt C, Dillner J. A pilot study of risk-stratified cervical cancer screening. Open Res Eur. 2022 Sep 1;1:84. doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.13398.2. eCollection 2021.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Uterine Cervical NeoplasmsUterine NeoplasmsGenital Neoplasms, FemaleUterine DiseasesGenital Diseases, FemaleNeoplasms by SiteNeoplasmsUterine Cervical Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Urogenital NeoplasmsFemale Urogenital DiseasesFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesGenital Diseases

Study Officials

  • Miriam Elfström, PhD

    Karolinska Institutet

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Miriam Elfström, PhD

CONTACT

Helena Andersson, PhD

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NA
Masking
NONE
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
SINGLE GROUP
Model Details: Adaptive trial that improves the method for improving attendance each year. The first three years of intervention (2019-2021) have been evaluated and is published (Arroyo Mühr, L.S., Wang, J., Hassan, S.S., et al. Int J Cancer. 156. 379-388. 2025). Trial continues with annual enrollment.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Affiliated Researcher

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

August 18, 2019

First Posted

August 20, 2019

Study Start

August 19, 2019

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2030

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 1, 2030

Last Updated

January 14, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-01

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations