Peer Support for Homelessness in the Emergency Department

NCT04012697 | Terminated

• 1 other identifier: 7048
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 19
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Peer support workers with lived experience of homelessness will provide advocacy, supportive counselling, assistance with navigating the system, and role-modeling for people experiencing homelessness in emergency departments in the Niagara region of Ontario, Canada. Previous research has demonstrated that people experiencing homelessness experience barriers to care and poor health outcomes, including increased risk of dying, and are frequent users of the emergency department for physical and mental health needs. The benefits of peer support have been studied in hospital psychiatric units and with people experiencing homelessness, but no studies have yet explored the potential impact of peer support workers on homelessness in the emergency department. The investigators plan to do a 12-month randomized study of peer support workers compared to usual care in the emergency department, and evaluate outcomes such as physical health, mental health, addictions, and behaviours, as well as cost-effectiveness and changes in how people experiencing homelessness seek health care. The investigators hope that the findings of this study will provide additional knowledge and evidence for future efforts to improve care for people experiencing homelessness.

Conditions

Homelessness; Health Behavior; Health Care Utilization; Health Care Seeking Behavior

Keywords

Survival analysis; Quantitative analysis; Patient-reported outcomes; Randomized-controlled trial; Homelessness; Health services research; Administrative health data; Peer support

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (11)

• Change in mean from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in the number of hospitalizations, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes the number of hospitalizations. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in mean from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in the number of days spent in hospital, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes the number of days spent in hospital. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in mean from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in the number of emergency department visits, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes the number of emergency department visits. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in mean from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in the number of hours spent in the emergency department at each visit, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes the number of hours spent in the emergency department at each visit. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in mean from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in the number of procedures performed in the emergency department, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes the number of procedures performed in the emergency department. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in mean from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in procedures performed during hospitalizations, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes the number of procedures performed during hospitalizations. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in proportions from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in diagnoses at the time of discharge from the emergency department, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes the diagnosis at time of discharge from the emergency department. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in proportion from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in mortality, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes mortality. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in proportion from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in overdose presentations, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes overdose presentations. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in proportion from the pre-intervention 12-month baseline to the post-intervention 12-month period in psychiatric presentations, measured using administrative health data

  The primary outcome of the study includes psychiatric presentations. This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

• Change in proportion from pre-intervention 12-month baseline to post-intervention 12-month period in composition of presenting complaints to the emergency department, measured using administrative health dat

  The primary outcome of the study includes the composition of presenting complaints to the emergency department and potential differences over time in the proportions of different presentations (e.g., physical health vs. mental health, Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) levels). This outcome will be evaluated through linkage and evaluation of administrative data hosted at Niagara Health through Decision Support Services. Consent will be obtained from participants to perform data linkage with Niagara Health databases and collect information on health services use for the 12-month period preceding and 12-month period following study enrollment.

  12 months pre-study enrollment and 12-months post-study enrollment

Secondary Outcomes (10)

• Mean change from baseline in psychiatric symptoms on the Colorado Symptom Index (CSI) at 6 months

  6 months

• Mean change from baseline in psychiatric symptoms on the Colorado Symptom Index (CSI) at 12 months

  12 months

• Mean change from baseline in psychopathology and crime/violence on the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs - Short Screener (GAIN-SS) at 6 months

  6 months

• Mean change from baseline in psychopathology and crime/violence on the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs - Short Screener (GAIN-SS) at 12 months

  12 months

• Mean change from baseline in health status on the EuroQol-5D-5L (EQ-5D-5L) at 6 months

  6 months

Other Outcomes (5)

• Cost-effectiveness analysis of peer support worker intervention as compared to usual care at 12 months

  12 months

• Survival analysis of health service use/outcomes using administrative health data

  From the date of assignment until the date of first emergency department readmit, second emergency department readmit, and admission to an inpatient service, assessed up to 12 months

• Non-parametric survival analysis using administrative health and peer support questionnaire data to evaluate changes in health care provision between contacts with the peer support worker

  From the date of assignment until the date of each subsequent visit, assessed up to 12 months

Study Arms (2)

Peer Support

EXPERIMENTAL

Peer support services from a peer support worker in the emergency department.

Behavioral: Peer Support

Usual care

NO INTERVENTION

Usual care in the emergency department.

Interventions

Peer Support BEHAVIORAL

Participants randomized to the intervention group will be seen by the peer support worker during their stay in the emergency department. The goal of the peer support worker's practice is to address the participant's wellness from a holistic point of view that includes their relationships, connections to the community, general well-being, and sense of empowerment, with an overall focus on quality-of-life goals (Sunderland et al., 2013). The peer support worker will provide a multi-faceted intervention, which aims to foster a peer-to-peer relationship encompassing elements of empathic communication, brief supportive counseling, advocacy for non-medical needs in hospital, liaising and collaborating with medical and nursing staff, motivational interviewing, and connection with programs in the community.

Peer Support

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Canadian citizen or permanent resident
• Resident of Ontario in the past 12 months
• Age 18 or over
• Absolute homeless (e.g., living outside, including but not limited to abandoned buildings, vehicles, transit stations; residing in shelters; residing in hotel/motel rooms)
• Hidden homeless (e.g., living with others, residing in transitional housing)

You may not qualify if:

• Not a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada
• Not a resident of Ontario for the majority of the past 12 months
• Under the age of 18
• Refusal to disclose housing, citizenship, or residential status

Sponsors & Collaborators

• McMaster University: lead
• Niagara Community Foundation: collaborator
• United Way Niagara: collaborator
• Niagara Poverty Reduction Network: collaborator
• Quest Community Health Centre: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

McMaster University

Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada

Location

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MeSH Terms

Conditions

Health Behavior; Patient Acceptance of Health Care

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior; Treatment Adherence and Compliance

Study Officials

• Suneel Upadhye, MD

  McMaster University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: Baseline data collection is performed prior to randomization and group assignment. Data collection at each of the following Time points is performed by research assistants who are blinded to the participant's group assignment. Investigators are likewise blinded to the group assignment of participants. Participants are not blinded given the impracticality of blinding assignment to the group receiving peer support vs. receiving usual care.
• Purpose: HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Model Details: Pragmatic randomized controlled superiority trial with parallel intervention and usual care groups.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 2, 2019
• First Posted: July 9, 2019
• Study Start: January 1, 2020
• Primary Completion: March 19, 2020
• Study Completion: March 19, 2020
• Last Updated: February 8, 2023

Record last verified: 2023-02

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

CA (1)