Impact of Exposure to Images of the Idealised Physique on Body Satisfaction, Dieting Intentions and Mood in Men.

NCT03991351 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: PSC-670
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 214
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Every day, people are exposed to huge amounts of media. Research has explored the impact of viewing traditional media and advertising (such as television and magazines) on how a person thinks and feels about their body (body satisfaction). However, less is known about the impact of exposure to social media on body satisfaction. It is important to consider this now, given the rise in social media use. The rise in social media use has made it easier for people to share images of an 'ideal' body, which for men is high muscularity and low body fat. Alongside this rise in the ideal body being shared on social media, there is a rise in male eating disorders. Research has already demonstrated that showing images of the 'ideal' body decreases body satisfaction. However, there has been little research in men and this research uses media from magazines. The present study will update research by using images taken from Instagram and by recruiting male participants. Participants will be asked to take part in an online survey (shared on social media) which measures initial mood, body satisfaction, self-esteem and diet and exercise intentions. It will then show participants images of men with different physiques (either muscular, overweight, slender or control images of landscapes). The measures will then be repeated to see if viewing the images had any impact

Conditions

Body Image

Keywords

Body Image; Mood, anxiety, depression; Self-esteem; Body Dysmorphia; Men; Deit; Exercise

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• State Body Satisfaction

  Visual Analogue Scale of body satisfaction. Each item is scored by participants between 0-100 (0 = not at all satisfied, 100 = very satisfied).

  Through study completion. Participants are asked to rate their current body satisfaction before they view the images (after approx 5 minutes) and are asked the same questions again immediately after they view the images (after approx 10-15 minutes)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Diet and Exercise Intentions

  Participants are asked to rate their intentions to change their diet and exercise (over the next 2-3 days) before they view the images and again immediately after they view the images.

Other Outcomes (4)

• Mood

  Through study completion. Participants are asked to rate their current mood before they view the images (after approx 5 minutes) and are asked the same questions again immediately after they view the images (after approx 10-15 minutes).

• State Self-esteem scale (appearance subscale)

  Through study completion. Participants are asked to rate how they feel in response to the questions before they view the images (after approx 5 minutes) and are asked the same questions immediately after they view the images (after approx 10-15 minutes).

• State Appearance Comparison

  Through study completion. Participants are asked to rate this measure immediately after they have viewed the images (after approx 15 minutes).

Study Arms (1)

Men aged 18-34

Participants will be males aged 18-34. Each individual will be exposed to images of men with either a muscular, skinny or overweight physique or the control images of landscapes.

Other: Exposure to images

Interventions

Exposure to images OTHER

Exposure to images

Men aged 18-34

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 34 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Any men aged 18-34 will be recruited. Students from the University of Leeds will make up a large proportion of the sample.

You may qualify if:

• Any men aged 18-34

You may not qualify if:

• Females, current or historical diagnosis of eating disorders, anyone who falls outside of age limit

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Leeds: lead

Study Sites (1)

Online

Leeds, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (10)

• Blond A. Impacts of exposure to images of ideal bodies on male body dissatisfaction: a review. Body Image. 2008 Sep;5(3):244-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.02.003.

  PMID: 18424245 BACKGROUND

• Tiggemann M, Hayden S, Brown Z, Veldhuis J. The effect of Instagram "likes" on women's social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Body Image. 2018 Sep;26:90-97. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Jul 21.

  PMID: 30036748 BACKGROUND

• Leit RA, Gray JJ, Pope HG Jr. The media's representation of the ideal male body: a cause for muscle dysmorphia? Int J Eat Disord. 2002 Apr;31(3):334-8. doi: 10.1002/eat.10019.

  PMID: 11920996 BACKGROUND

• Myers TA, Crowther JH. Social comparison as a predictor of body dissatisfaction: A meta-analytic review. J Abnorm Psychol. 2009 Nov;118(4):683-98. doi: 10.1037/a0016763.

  PMID: 19899839 BACKGROUND

• Cahill S, Mussap AJ. Emotional reactions following exposure to idealized bodies predict unhealthy body change attitudes and behaviors in women and men. J Psychosom Res. 2007 Jun;62(6):631-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.11.001.

  PMID: 17540220 BACKGROUND

• Arbour KP, Martin Ginis KA. Effects of exposure to muscular and hypermuscular media images on young men's muscularity dissatisfaction and body dissatisfaction. Body Image. 2006 Jun;3(2):153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2006.03.004. Epub 2006 May 19.

  PMID: 18089218 BACKGROUND

• Fardouly J, Vartanian LR. Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body Image. 2015 Jan;12:82-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Nov 17.

  PMID: 25462886 BACKGROUND

• Cafri G, Thompson JK, Ricciardelli L, McCabe M, Smolak L, Yesalis C. Pursuit of the muscular ideal: Physical and psychological consequences and putative risk factors. Clin Psychol Rev. 2005 Feb;25(2):215-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2004.09.003. Epub 2004 Dec 30.

  PMID: 15642647 BACKGROUND

• Galioto R, Crowther JH. The effects of exposure to slender and muscular images on male body dissatisfaction. Body Image. 2013 Sep;10(4):566-73. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.009. Epub 2013 Sep 3.

  PMID: 24008185 BACKGROUND

• Tiggemann M, Zaccardo M. "Exercise to be fit, not skinny": The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body Image. 2015 Sep;15:61-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jul 10.

  PMID: 26176993 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1; Motor Activity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mental Disorders; Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia; Endocrine Gland Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities; Endocrine System Diseases

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 15, 2019
• First Posted: June 19, 2019
• Study Start: March 28, 2019
• Primary Completion: December 20, 2019
• Study Completion: October 31, 2020
• Last Updated: June 7, 2022

Record last verified: 2022-06

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

GB (1)