NCT03833219

Brief Summary

The investigators are proposing an experiment to help a national auto insurance company test behavioral economic strategies to reduce the amount of time policy holders actively use their cell phone while driving. Interventions include financial incentives, social comparison, and nudges, and survey data will also be collected. Data collected from this internal trial will be shared with the Penn research team and analyzed

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
2,108

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started May 2019

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

September 7, 2018

Completed
5 months until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 6, 2019

Completed
3 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

May 7, 2019

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

October 30, 2019

Completed
10 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

August 30, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

September 10, 2020

Status Verified

September 1, 2020

Enrollment Period

6 months

First QC Date

September 7, 2018

Last Update Submit

September 9, 2020

Conditions

Automobile Accident

Keywords

distracted driving automobilebehavioral economicsusage-based insuranceauto insuranceautomobilesmartphone application

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Seconds of active phone use per hour of driving

    Percentage of driving time engaging in active handheld phone use (also measured as seconds of distracted driving/hour of driving)

    150 days

Secondary Outcomes (3)

  • Seconds of passive phone use per hour of driving

    150 days

  • Hard breaking events per 100 miles

    150 days

  • Hard acceleration events per 100 miles

    150 days

Study Arms (6)

Control (monitor only)

NO INTERVENTION

Continue in monitoring only mode

Social comparison feedback

EXPERIMENTAL

Report user's handheld phone use/ hour of driving for week. Compare this week's performance to distribution for driver cohort.

Behavioral: Weekly feedback

End of rating period incentive

EXPERIMENTAL

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare overall use to distribution for cohort. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.

Behavioral: End of intervention period incentive

End of rating period incentive + social comparison feedback

EXPERIMENTAL

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned.

Behavioral: Weekly feedbackBehavioral: End of intervention period incentive

Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback

EXPERIMENTAL

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned.

Behavioral: Weekly feedbackBehavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive

Larger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedback

EXPERIMENTAL

Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. Incentive amount is higher than "Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback" Arm.

Behavioral: Weekly feedbackBehavioral: Loss-framed weekly incentive

Interventions

Weekly feedbackBEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week.

End of rating period incentive + social comparison feedbackLarger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedbackSocial comparison feedbackWeekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback
End of intervention period incentiveBEHAVIORAL

Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance.

End of rating period incentiveEnd of rating period incentive + social comparison feedback
Loss-framed weekly incentiveBEHAVIORAL

Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week.

Larger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedbackWeekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback

Eligibility Criteria

Age16 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Progressive Snapshot Users with policy activated within recruitment period
  • Progressive Snapshot policy holder in one of the following states and regions: MI, PA, TX, FL, TN, OR, GA, NE, OK, OH, MT, MO, NV, CT, WI, MD, KY, MN, NH, NJ, AZ, ME, LA, SC, CO, MS, IN, IA, AL, ND, UT, RI, WV, WY, IL, AR, DE, KS, SD, NM, VT, ID, and the District of Columbia
  • Has an email address

You may not qualify if:

  • Progressive Snapshot Mobile App not updated to enable push notifications
  • Customer's residential address is in a state in which phone use while driving is factored into insurance rating
  • Customer's Snapshot Mobile App does not collect trip data with all sensors active
  • Customer in Snapshot program for \< 30 days or more \> 70 days

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, United States

Location

Related Publications (11)

  • Delgado MK, Wanner KJ, McDonald C. Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention. Media Commun. 2016 Jun 16;4(3):79-89. doi: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.536.

    PMID: 27695663BACKGROUND

  • French B, Small DS, Novak J, Saulsgiver KA, Harhay MO, Asch DA, Volpp KG, Halpern SD. Preference-adaptive randomization in comparative effectiveness studies. Trials. 2015 Mar 18;16:99. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0592-6.

    PMID: 25887045BACKGROUND

  • Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Asch DA. Harnessing the power of default options to improve health care. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 27;357(13):1340-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsb071595. No abstract available.

    PMID: 17898105BACKGROUND

  • Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, Saulsgiver K, Harhay MO, Audrain-McGovern J, Loewenstein G, Brennan TA, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Randomized trial of four financial-incentive programs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2108-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414293. Epub 2015 May 13.

    PMID: 25970009BACKGROUND

  • Hayashi Y, Russo CT, Wirth O. Texting while driving as impulsive choice: A behavioral economic analysis. Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Oct;83:182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025. Epub 2015 Aug 13.

    PMID: 26280804BACKGROUND

  • Klauer SG, Guo F, Simons-Morton BG, Ouimet MC, Lee SE, Dingus TA. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 2;370(1):54-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1204142.

    PMID: 24382065BACKGROUND

  • Lahrmann H, Agerholm N, Tradisauskas N, Berthelsen KK, Harms L. Pay as You Speed, ISA with incentive for not speeding: results and interpretation of speed data. Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Sep;48:17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.015. Epub 2011 Apr 9.

    PMID: 22664664BACKGROUND

  • Loewenstein G, Brennan T, Volpp KG. Asymmetric paternalism to improve health behaviors. JAMA. 2007 Nov 28;298(20):2415-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.20.2415. No abstract available.

    PMID: 18042920BACKGROUND

  • Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Eberbach K, Walters KJ, Haff N, Lee SM, Wesby L, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Taylor DH, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG. Individual Versus Team-Based Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Jul;31(7):746-54. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3627-0. Epub 2016 Mar 14.

    PMID: 26976287BACKGROUND

  • Reagan IJ, Bliss JP, Van Houten R, Hilton BW. The effects of external motivation and real-time automated feedback on speeding behavior in a naturalistic setting. Hum Factors. 2013 Feb;55(1):218-30. doi: 10.1177/0018720812447812.

    PMID: 23516803BACKGROUND

  • Delgado MK, Ebert JP, Xiong RA, Winston FK, McDonald CC, Rosin RM, Volpp KG, Barnett IJ, Small DS, Wiebe DJ, Abdel-Rahman D, Hemmons JE, Finegold R, Kotrc B, Radford E, Fisher WJ, Gaba KL, Everett WC, Halpern SD. Feedback and Financial Incentives for Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2420218. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20218.

    PMID: 38985474DERIVED

Related Links

Study Officials

  • M. Kit Delgado, MD, MS

    University of Pennsylvania

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
FACTORIAL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

September 7, 2018

First Posted

February 6, 2019

Study Start

May 7, 2019

Primary Completion

October 30, 2019

Study Completion

August 30, 2020

Last Updated

September 10, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-09

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

PI will not own individual participant data

Locations

US(1)