NCT03783429

Brief Summary

Digoxin is the oldest, market-authorized drug for heart failure (HF), and very cheap. A large trial with digoxin, the DIG trial, executed in the early nineties revealed a highly significant reduction in HF hospitalizations, but no effect on mortality. A post-hoc analysis of the DIG trial suggests that low serum concentrations of digoxin may not only improve HF hospitalizations but also mortality in chronic HF patients. To confirm these retrospective analyses, a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial is necessary to establish the position of digoxin in the contemporary treatment of HF. Therefore, the investigators examine whether low-level, aiming for serum concentrations 0.5-0.9ng/mL, digoxin is beneficial in HF patients with reduced or mid-range ejection fractions (LVEF \<50%).

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
982

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for phase_4 heart-failure

Timeline
Completed

Started Jul 2020

Longer than P75 for phase_4 heart-failure

Geographic Reach
1 country

44 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

December 13, 2018

Completed
8 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

December 21, 2018

Completed
1.5 years until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 1, 2020

Completed
5.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

November 13, 2025

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

November 13, 2025

Completed
Last Updated

April 27, 2026

Status Verified

April 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

5.4 years

First QC Date

December 13, 2018

Last Update Submit

April 21, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Heart FailureDigoxinAtrial fibrillation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • To demonstrate whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo reduces the rate of the composite CV outcome

    The composite of total worsening heart failure events (with an event defined as a first or recurrent unplanned hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) and death from cardiovascular causes (amount of events)

    Median of 3 years

Secondary Outcomes (7)

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo reduces the rate of the ranked clinical outcomes: composite of all repeated HF hospitalizations and repeated urgent HF visits

    Median of 3 years

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo reduces the rate of the ranked clinical outcomes: composite of all repeated CV hospitalizations and repeated urgent CV hospital visits

    Median of 3 years

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo reduces the rate of the ranked clinical outcomes: first-time occurrence of any of the composite of CV-mortality, HF hospitalization or urgent HF hospital visit

    Median of 3 years

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo reduces the rate of the ranked clinical outcomes: first-time occurrence of any of the composite of all-cause mortality, HF hospitalization or urgent HF hospital visit

    Median of 3 years

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo reduces the rate of the ranked clinical outcomes: first-time occurrence of any of the composite of HF hospitalization or urgent HF hospital visit

    Median of 3 years

  • +2 more secondary outcomes

Other Outcomes (8)

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo improves the exploratory outcomes: all-cause hospitalizations and urgent hospital visits

    Median of 3 years

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo improves the exploratory outcomes: days alive and out of hospital

    Median of 3 years

  • To determine whether low-dose digoxin compared to placebo improves the exploratory outcomes: Quality of Life assessed by the EUROQOL-5D-5L questionnaire

    Median of 3 years

  • +5 more other outcomes

Study Arms (2)

Intervention group

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The intervention group will receive low-dose digoxin

Drug: Digoxin

Placebo group

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

The placebo group will receive a matching placebo

Drug: Placebos

Interventions

Digoxin tablets will be given orally

Intervention group

Placebo tablets will be given orally

Placebo group

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Age ≥18year
  • Outpatients with chronic HF, New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] class II - ambulatory IV
  • LVEF\<50%
  • Serum NT-proBNP concentrations:
  • Previous HF hospitalization ≤ 1 year before randomisation ≥400pg/mL if sinus rhythm; ≥800pg/mL if AF Previous HF hospitalization \> 1 year before randomisation or in the absence of HF hospitalizations ≥ 600pg/mL if sinus rhythm; ≥1000 pg/mL if AF
  • BNP concentrations:
  • Previous HF hospitalization ≤ 1 year before randomisation ≥100pg/mL if sinus rhythm; ≥200pg/mL if AF Previous HF hospitalization \> 1 year before randomisation or in absence of HF hospitalization ≥150pg/mL if sinus rhythm; ≥250pg/mL if AF.
  • ≥14 days stable on guideline-recommended therapy (doses and number of therapies as tolerated by each patient)

You may not qualify if:

  • Heart rate ≤60bpm (if sinus rhythm); heart rate ≤70bpm (if AF)
  • History of HF hospitalization ≤7days
  • History of myocardial infarction, myocarditis, percutaneous intervention, RCT, pacemaker/ICD implantation, cardiac surgery or stroke ≤30 days
  • Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ≤30ml/min/1.73m2
  • The presence of a mechanical assist device
  • Use of inotropic drugs (dopamine, dobutamine, (nor)adrenaline, and milrinon)
  • Scheduled for mechanical assist device or heart transplant
  • Other non-cardiac conditions with limited life expectancy (≤ duration of the study)
  • Amyloid, hypertrophic obstructive or constrictive cardiomyopathy
  • Accessory atrio-ventricular pathway (e.g. Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome)
  • (Intermittent) complete heart block or second-degree AV block type Mobitz without pace maker or ICD
  • Severe (grade III/III) aortic valve disease
  • Complex congenital heart disease
  • Proven hypersensitivity to digoxin (prior side effects)
  • Concomitant medication that interacts with digoxin
  • +2 more criteria

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (44)

Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep

Alkmaar, Netherlands

Location

Zorggroep Twente

Almelo, Netherlands

Location

Meander Medisch Centrum

Amersfoort, Netherlands

Location

BovenIJ Ziekenhuis

Amsterdam, Netherlands

Location

Gelre Ziekenhuizen

Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Location

Rijnstate Ziekenhuis

Arnhem, Netherlands

Location

Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis

Beverwijk, Netherlands

Location

Tergooi

Blaricum, Netherlands

Location

Amphia Ziekenhuis

Breda, Netherlands

Location

Ijsselland Ziekenhuis

Capelle aan den IJssel, Netherlands

Location

Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis

Delft, Netherlands

Location

Deventer Ziekenhuis

Deventer, Netherlands

Location

Van Weel Bethesda

Dirksland, Netherlands

Location

Slingeland Ziekenhuis

Doetinchem, Netherlands

Location

Ziekenhuis Gelderse Vallei

Ede, Netherlands

Location

Scheper Ziekenhuis

Emmen, Netherlands

Location

Admiraal de Ruyter Ziekenhuis

Goes, Netherlands

Location

Beatrix Ziekenhuis

Gorinchem, Netherlands

Location

Groene Hart Ziekenhuis

Gouda, Netherlands

Location

Martini Ziekenhuis

Groningen, Netherlands

Location

University Medical Center Groningen

Groningen, Netherlands

Location

Spaarne Gasthuis

Haarlem, Netherlands

Location

Saxenburgh MC

Hardenberg, Netherlands

Location

Ziekenhuis St Jansdal

Harderwijk, Netherlands

Location

Zuyderland Medisch Centrum

Heerlen, Netherlands

Location

Elkerliek Ziekenhuis

Helmond, Netherlands

Location

Bethesda

Hoogeveen, Netherlands

Location

Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden

Leeuwarden, Netherlands

Location

Alrijne Ziekenhuis

Leiden, Netherlands

Location

Maastricht UMC+

Maastricht, Netherlands

Location

Isala Diaconessenhuis

Meppel, Netherlands

Location

Radboud University Medical Center

Nijmegen, Netherlands

Location

Bravis ziekenhuis

Roosendaal, Netherlands

Location

Erasmus Medisch Centrum

Rotterdam, Netherlands

Location

Franciscus Gasthuis

Rotterdam, Netherlands

Location

Ikazia Ziekenhuis

Rotterdam, Netherlands

Location

Franciscus Vlietland

Schiedam, Netherlands

Location

Antonius Ziekenhuis Sneek

Sneek, Netherlands

Location

Refaja

Stadskanaal, Netherlands

Location

Haaglanden Medisch Centrum

The Hague, Netherlands

Location

Elisabeth-Tweesteden Ziekenhuis

Tilburg, Netherlands

Location

Diak. Utrecht

Utrecht, Netherlands

Location

Máxima Medisch Centrum

Veldhoven, Netherlands

Location

Zaans Medisch Centrum

Zaandam, Netherlands

Location

Related Publications (1)

  • van Veldhuisen DJ, Rienstra M, Mosterd A, Alings AM, van Asselt ADJ, Bouvy ML, Tijssen JGP, Schaap J, van der Wall EE, Voors AA, Boorsma EM, Lok DJA, Crijns HJGM, Schut A, Vijver MAT, Voordes GHD, de Vos AH, Maas-Soer EL, Smit NW, Touw DJ, Samuel M, van der Meer P; DECISION Investigators and Committees. Efficacy and safety of low-dose digoxin in patients with heart failure. Rationale and design of the DECISION trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2024 Oct;26(10):2223-2230. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.3428. Epub 2024 Aug 30.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Heart FailureAtrial Fibrillation

Interventions

Digoxin

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Heart DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesArrhythmias, CardiacPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Digitalis GlycosidesCardenolidesCardiac GlycosidesCardanolidesSteroidsFused-Ring CompoundsPolycyclic CompoundsGlycosidesCarbohydrates

Study Officials

  • Michiel Rienstra, MD, PhD

    University Medical Center Groningen

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Peter van der Meer, MD, PhD

    University Medical Center Groningen

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
  • Dirk J van Veldhuisen, MD, PhD

    University Medical Center Groningen

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 4
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
Double blind, placebo controlled
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: A national, multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled, clinical trial.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Prof. Dr.

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

December 13, 2018

First Posted

December 21, 2018

Study Start

July 1, 2020

Primary Completion

November 13, 2025

Study Completion

November 13, 2025

Last Updated

April 27, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Locations