NCT03709043

Brief Summary

Drinking multiple alcoholic drinks on a single occasion (binge drinking), has many negative health risks but interventions to address this behavior remain limited. This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial will test whether kudzu, an herbal supplement, can reduce heavy alcohol use and alcohol-associated sexual behaviors among sexually-active, binge-drinking individuals at high risk for HIV infection.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
120

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for phase_2

Timeline
Completed

Started Jul 2019

Longer than P75 for phase_2

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 12, 2018

Completed
5 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 17, 2018

Completed
9 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 11, 2019

Completed
4.7 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 1, 2024

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 1, 2024

Completed
1.9 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

May 1, 2026

Completed
Last Updated

May 1, 2026

Status Verified

April 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

4.7 years

First QC Date

October 12, 2018

Results QC Date

October 3, 2025

Last Update Submit

April 27, 2026

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Number of Binge Drinking Days

    Binge-drinking (five or more drinks on a single occasion for men; four or more drinks for women)

    Past 7 days, weekly for 12 weeks (e.g., Weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Number of Participants With Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) Positive Urine Samples

    7 days

Other Outcomes (3)

  • Number of Sexual Intercourse Partners

    30 days

  • Number of Condomless Sexual Intercourse Events

    30 days

  • Number of Participants Testing Positive of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

    30 days

Study Arms (2)

Kudzu

EXPERIMENTAL

Standardized kudzu

Drug: Standardized kudzuDiagnostic Test: Sexually transmitted infection testing:Behavioral: Medical Management (MM) counseling for alcohol use:Diagnostic Test: Urinalysis for novel alcohol biochemical markers for recent alcohol use:Diagnostic Test: Dried Blood Spot (DBS) Testing for PEth:Behavioral: Behavioral survey measurements:Behavioral: Ecological Momentary Assessment procedure:

Control

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Placebo

Other: PlaceboDiagnostic Test: Sexually transmitted infection testing:Behavioral: Medical Management (MM) counseling for alcohol use:Diagnostic Test: Urinalysis for novel alcohol biochemical markers for recent alcohol use:Diagnostic Test: Dried Blood Spot (DBS) Testing for PEth:Behavioral: Behavioral survey measurements:Behavioral: Ecological Momentary Assessment procedure:

Interventions

Standardized kudzu

Kudzu
PlaceboOTHER

Placebo

Control

At baseline and month 3 visits, all participants will be tested for syphilis (serum RPR), Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis (urine, pharyngeal swab, and rectal swab nucleic acid amplification \[NAAT\]) through an established protocol that has been validated by our Public Health Laboratory (PHL) and others.

ControlKudzu

Urine samples will be collected at Enrollment, Month 1, Month 2 and Month 3 visits and tested for ethyl glucuronide (EtG) to determine recent alcohol consumption in the past three days. EtG is a relatively novel, highly sensitive indicator for recent alcohol consumption; this alcohol biomarker is detectable in urine for approximately 72 hours.

ControlKudzu

MM has been used in a targeted pharmacotherapy trial and our team has successfully used MM in AUD trials. MM is a low-intensity supportive program designed to increase problem recognition and enhance motivation to change maladaptive alcohol use patterns. Participants will receive individual 20 minute MM sessions weekly from trained staff supervised by a clinical psychologist.

ControlKudzu

DBS samples will be collected at enrollment, weeks 12, and post-treatment visits at month 3. Samples will be dried overnight using standardized methods. PEth testing of DBS samples will be conducted at the United States Drug Testing Laboratories in Des Plaines, IL using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system following extraction into methanol.

ControlKudzu

Standardized and validated behavioral measures will be assessed using audio computer administered surveys (ACASI) to minimize underreporting of risk activities and standardize data collection.To minimize potential social desirability bias, staff will not have access to data during the trial.

ControlKudzu

Participants will receive daily SMS texts to collect data on alcohol consumption, number of drinks on drinking days, targeted medication administration prior to anticipated drinking sessions, and sexual risk behaviors

ControlKudzu

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 70 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Self-reported anal or vaginal sex in the prior three months while under the influence of alcohol, or reported missing ART or PrEP due to alcohol use in the prior 3 months;
  • at least one binge-drinking (five or more drinks on a single occasion for men; four or more drinks for women) session per week in the prior three months;
  • having an AUD by DSM-5 SCID criteria (includes hazardous and harmful use);
  • interested in reducing binge alcohol consumption;
  • HIV negative by rapid antibody test and HIV pooled RNA test; or HIV positive with a medical record documentation of HIV infection.\* For HIV-positive individuals, having a CD4 cell count \>100 cells/mm3 and having suppressed HIV viral load with \< 50 copies/mm3; \*
  • no current acute illnesses requiring prolonged medical care;
  • no chronic illnesses that are likely to progress clinically during trial participation;
  • able and willing to provide informed consent and adhere to visit schedule;
  • age 18-70 years;
  • baseline CBC, total protein, albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, BUN, and electrolytes without clinically significant abnormalities as determined by study clinician in conjunction with symptoms, physical exam, and medical history;
  • (\*Note: Participants newly diagnosed with HIV at screening are eligible for the study but we will postpone their enrollment until they are virally suppressed with HIV viral load \< 50 copies/mm .)

You may not qualify if:

  • Any psychiatric (e.g., depression with suicidal ideation) or medical condition that would preclude safe participation in the study;
  • known allergy/previous adverse reaction to kudzu;
  • moderate/severe liver disease (AST, ALT \> 5 times upper limit of normal);
  • impaired renal function (creatinine clearance \< 50 ml/min);
  • currently participating in another intervention research study with potential overlap;
  • current severe substance-use disorder (exclusive of nicotine, cannabis or alcohol) as determined by DSM-V SCID criteria;
  • pregnant women;
  • HIV positive individuals who are not virally suppressed;
  • any condition that, in the principal investigator and/or study clinician's judgment interferes with safe study participation or adherence to study procedures
  • not willing to learn how to send EMA surveys.
  • (\*Note: Eligible participants who have a partner currently in the study will be enrolled and randomized after their partner has completed their in-treatment follow-up, to reduce the concerns of contamination between treatment conditions. Additionally, we will exclude individuals with impaired renal function as a general precaution. Pharmacokinetic data on kudzu is limited. Puerarin is present in the urine of rats for 4-72 hours after oral administration, thus there is renal elimination of the active compound, as well as it's metabolite, equol. For this reason, we prefer to be cautious by limiting enrollment to those with reasonable renal function. We selected eGFR \< 50mL/min as that is the level at which most products with renal clearance begin to demonstrate risks of increased toxicity.)

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

San Francisco Department of Public Health

San Francisco, California, 94102, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

AlcoholismSexually Transmitted Diseases

Interventions

CounselingEthanolUrinalysis

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Alcohol-Related DisordersSubstance-Related DisordersChemically-Induced DisordersMental DisordersCommunicable DiseasesInfectionsGenital DiseasesUrogenital DiseasesDisease AttributesPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mental Health ServicesBehavioral Disciplines and ActivitiesCommunity Health ServicesHealth ServicesHealth Care Facilities Workforce and ServicesAlcoholsOrganic ChemicalsClinical Chemistry TestsClinical Laboratory TechniquesDiagnostic Techniques and ProceduresDiagnosisDiagnostic Techniques, UrologicalInvestigative Techniques

Limitations and Caveats

Outcome measures around binge drinking days and sexual behaviors are based on self-report, which may be subject to social desirability and recall bias. The urinary measures for alcohol metabolites for ethyl glucuronide are limited to a 2-3 day detection period, which may miss less recent alcohol consumption.

Results Point of Contact

Title
Glenn-Milo Santos, Professor
Organization
University of California San Francisco

Study Officials

  • Glenn-Milo Santos, PhD, MPH

    University of California, San Francisco

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 2
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 12, 2018

First Posted

October 17, 2018

Study Start

July 11, 2019

Primary Completion

April 1, 2024

Study Completion

June 1, 2024

Last Updated

May 1, 2026

Results First Posted

May 1, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations