Snuff Use, Smoking, Periodontal Health and Premature Death: 30-year Study

NCT03614871 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 00290
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 1,676
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

Snuff use and smoking associated with poor periodontal health, especially if used together.

Conditions

Tobacco Use; Periodontitis

Keywords

Tobacco; Calculus; Gingiva; Oral hygiene; Periodontitis; Biofilm

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

• Periodontal Pockets

  Dual users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had more ≥5mm deep periodontal pockets than non-users. Periodontal pockets were measured from all teeth and from six surfaces with a Hu-Friedy (PCPUNC 15) periodontal probe (Hu-friedy, Chicago, Ill., USA).

  1985

• Missing teeth

  Pure smokers had more likely missing teeth than subjects in other groups. Missing teeth were calculated my dentist in clinical examination.

  1985

• Gingival Index (GI)

  Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher GI scores than non-users. GI was scored from 0 (no gum bleeding) to 3 (abundant gum bleeding)

  1985

• Premature death

  Snuff users or smokers did not die earlier than non-users of the cohort in 30 years. The Swedish National Death Register listing the cumulated causes of all deaths was used in the analyses.

  From year 1985 to year 2015

• Plaque Index (PI)

  Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher PI scores than non-users. PI was scored from 0 (no plaque) to 3 (abundant plaque)

  1985

• Calculus Index (CI)

  Dual-users, pure snuffers and pure smokers had higher CI scores than non-users. CI was scored from 0 (no calculus) to 3 (abundant calculus) according to Greene \& Vermillion

  1985

Study Arms (1)

No arms

There are no interventions

Other: Epidemiological study

Interventions

Epidemiological study OTHER

No arms

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 30 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Swedish national database sample

You may qualify if:

• In 1985-1986 a sample was selected from the registry file of all inhabitants of the Stockholm area, of people born on the 20th of any month from 1945 to 1954.The sample comprised 3200 people. They were informed about the purpose of the study and called for clinical investigation. 1681 (52.5%) individuals, 840 men and 841 women, participated in the study. From the remaining 1519 non-respondents to the initial call, 100 randomly selected subjects, 45 men and 55 women, were reinformed and persuaded and finally agreed to participate in this investigation. They were used as a drop-out control sample.

You may not qualify if:

• Other people

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Helsinki: lead
• Karolinska Institutet: collaborator

Related Publications (25)

• Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1809-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67728-8.

  PMID: 16298220 BACKGROUND

• Nibali L, Farias BC, Vajgel A, Tu YK, Donos N. Tooth loss in aggressive periodontitis: a systematic review. J Dent Res. 2013 Oct;92(10):868-75. doi: 10.1177/0022034513501878. Epub 2013 Aug 16.

  PMID: 23955159 BACKGROUND

• Page RC, Eke PI. Case Definitions for Use in Population-Based Surveillance of Periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2007 Jul;78 Suppl 7S:1387-1399. doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060264.

  PMID: 29539084 BACKGROUND

• Seymour GJ, Taylor JJ. Shouts and whispers: An introduction to immunoregulation in periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2004;35:9-13. doi: 10.1111/j.0906-6713.2004.003555.x. No abstract available.

  PMID: 15107054 BACKGROUND

• Mattila VM, Raisamo S, Pihlajamaki H, Mantysaari M, Rimpela A. Sports activity and the use of cigarettes and snus among young males in Finland in 1999-2010. BMC Public Health. 2012 Mar 22;12:230. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-230.

  PMID: 22439614 BACKGROUND

• Mundel T. Nicotine: Sporting Friend or Foe? A Review of Athlete Use, Performance Consequences and Other Considerations. Sports Med. 2017 Dec;47(12):2497-2506. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0764-5.

  PMID: 28791650 BACKGROUND

• Siddiqi K, Shah S, Abbas SM, Vidyasagaran A, Jawad M, Dogar O, Sheikh A. Global burden of disease due to smokeless tobacco consumption in adults: analysis of data from 113 countries. BMC Med. 2015 Aug 17;13:194. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0424-2.

  PMID: 26278072 BACKGROUND

• Carlsson S, Andersson T, Araghi M, Galanti R, Lager A, Lundberg M, Nilsson P, Norberg M, Pedersen NL, Trolle-Lagerros Y, Magnusson C. Smokeless tobacco (snus) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes: results from five pooled cohorts. J Intern Med. 2017 Apr;281(4):398-406. doi: 10.1111/joim.12592. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

  PMID: 28164394 BACKGROUND

• Genco RJ, Borgnakke WS. Risk factors for periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2013 Jun;62(1):59-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00457.x.

  PMID: 23574464 BACKGROUND

• Heikkinen AM, Pajukanta R, Pitkaniemi J, Broms U, Sorsa T, Koskenvuo M, Meurman JH. The effect of smoking on periodontal health of 15- to 16-year-old adolescents. J Periodontol. 2008 Nov;79(11):2042-7. doi: 10.1902/jop.2008.080205.

  PMID: 18980511 BACKGROUND

• Natvig Norderhaug I, Dybing E, Gilljam H, Lind PO, Lund KE, Morland J, Stegmayr B, Hofmann B, Orjasaeter Elvsaas IK. Health Effects and Dependency Associated with Snuff Consumption [Internet]. Oslo, Norway: Knowledge Centre for the Health Services at The Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH); 2005 Jun. Report from Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services (NOKC) No. 06-2005. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK464770/

  PMID: 29319988 BACKGROUND

• Hugoson A, Rolandsson M. Periodontal disease in relation to smoking and the use of Swedish snus: epidemiological studies covering 20 years (1983-2003). J Clin Periodontol. 2011 Sep;38(9):809-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01749.x. Epub 2011 Jul 18.

  PMID: 21762421 BACKGROUND

• Bergstrom J, Keilani H, Lundholm C, Radestad U. Smokeless tobacco (snuff) use and periodontal bone loss. J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Aug;33(8):549-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00945.x.

  PMID: 16899097 BACKGROUND

• Lee PN. Epidemiological evidence relating snus to health--an updated review based on recent publications. Harm Reduct J. 2013 Dec 6;10:36. doi: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-36.

  PMID: 24314326 BACKGROUND

• Timberlake DS, Nikitin D, Johnson NJ, Altekruse SF. A longitudinal study of smokeless tobacco use and mortality in the United States. Int J Cancer. 2017 Jul 15;141(2):264-270. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30736. Epub 2017 Apr 24.

  PMID: 28411395 BACKGROUND

• Loe H. The Gingival Index, the Plaque Index and the Retention Index Systems. J Periodontol. 1967 Nov-Dec;38(6):Suppl:610-6. doi: 10.1902/jop.1967.38.6.610. No abstract available.

  PMID: 5237684 BACKGROUND

• GREENE JC, VERMILLION JR. THE SIMPLIFIED ORAL HYGIENE INDEX. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964 Jan;68:7-13. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0034. No abstract available.

  PMID: 14076341 BACKGROUND

• Soder PO, Jin LJ, Soder B, Wikner S. Periodontal status in an urban adult population in Sweden. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994 Apr;22(2):106-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1994.tb01582.x.

  PMID: 8205774 BACKGROUND

• Soder B, Jin LJ, Soder PO, Wikner S. Clinical characteristics of destructive periodontitis in a risk group of Swedish urban adults. Swed Dent J. 1995;19(1-2):9-15.

  PMID: 7597634 BACKGROUND

• Henley SJ, Thun MJ, Connell C, Calle EE. Two large prospective studies of mortality among men who use snuff or chewing tobacco (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005 May;16(4):347-58. doi: 10.1007/s10552-004-5519-6.

  PMID: 15953977 BACKGROUND

• An N, Andrukhov O, Tang Y, Falkensammer F, Bantleon HP, Ouyang X, Rausch-Fan X. Effect of nicotine and porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on endothelial cells in vitro. PLoS One. 2014 May 12;9(5):e96942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096942. eCollection 2014.

  PMID: 24820118 BACKGROUND

• Benowitz NL. Nicotine and smokeless tobacco. CA Cancer J Clin. 1988 Jul-Aug;38(4):244-7. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.38.4.244.

  PMID: 3135084 BACKGROUND

• Tanner T, Kamppi A, Pakkila J, Jarvelin MR, Patinen P, Tjaderhane L, Anttonen V. Association of smoking and snuffing with dental caries occurrence in a young male population in Finland: a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014 Nov;72(8):1017-24. doi: 10.3109/00016357.2014.942877. Epub 2014 Aug 20.

  PMID: 25141188 BACKGROUND

• Engstrom K, Magnusson C, Galanti MR. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics among snus users and dual tobacco users in Stockholm County, Sweden. BMC Public Health. 2010 Oct 18;10:619. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-619.

  PMID: 20955584 BACKGROUND

• Norberg M, Malmberg G, Ng N, Brostrom G. Who is using snus? - Time trends, socioeconomic and geographic characteristics of snus users in the ageing Swedish population. BMC Public Health. 2011 Dec 14;11:929. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-929.

  PMID: 22169061 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Tobacco Use; Periodontitis; Calculi

Interventions

Epidemiologic Studies

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Behavior; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Epidemiologic Study Characteristics; Epidemiologic Methods; Investigative Techniques; Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms; Quality of Health Care; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation; Public Health; Environment and Public Health

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 23, 2018
• First Posted: August 3, 2018
• Study Start: January 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: July 1, 2018
• Study Completion: July 13, 2018
• Last Updated: August 3, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share