Massage Versus Cold Water Immersion for Fatigue-induced Biomechanical Alterations

NCT03578666 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: IT811-13
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 48
• Locations: 0 countries
• Sites: N/A

Brief Summary

The optimization of recovery to alleviate the effects of fatigue in athletes can provide valuable performance advantage. However, despite the growing body of literature regarding effects of different interventions in fatigue, there is still lack of clarity regarding the efficacy of interventions on running economy and, particularly, fatigue-induced biomechanical alterations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of massage and cold water immersion for enhancing recovery and alleviating fatigue after an exhausting training session. We hypothesized that both massage and cold water immersion would enhance biomechanical parameters compared with a control condition and hence would improve subsequent running economy.

Conditions

Running; Fatigue

Keywords

recovery intervention; fatigue; running; cryotherapy; running economy

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (8)

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE OXYGEN UPTAKE AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT

  Oxygen uptake (mL kg-1 min-1) will be assessed in an incremental running test on a treadmill (HP Cosmos pulsar, Nussdorf-Traunstein, Germany). Oxygen uptake will be recorded using a gas analyzer system (Esgostik Geratherm, Geschwenda, Germany).

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE STRIDE LENGTH AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT.

  Stride length (cm) defined as the length the treadmill belt moves from toe-off to initial ground contact in successive steps, will be measured using an optical measurement system (Optojump-next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) placed at the treadmill belt level.

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE STRIDE FREQUENCY AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT.

  Stride frequency, defined as the number of ground contact events per minute, will be measured using an optical measurement system (Optojump-next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) placed at the treadmill belt level.

  Time Frame: Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE STRIDE ANGLE AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT.

  Stride angle (º), defined as the angle of the parable tangent derived from the theoretical arc traced by a foot during a stride and the ground, will be measured using an optical measurement system (Optojump-next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) placed at the treadmill belt level.

  Time Frame: Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE GROUND CONTACT TIME AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT.

  Ground contact time (s), defined as the time from when the foot contacts the ground to when the toes left the ground and was determined by the disruption of the infrared gates, will be measured using an optical measurement system (Optojump-next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) placed at the treadmill belt level.

  Time Frame: Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE SWING TIME AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT.

  The swing time (ms) corresponds to the time from foot flat to initial take-off. Swing time will be measured using an optical measurement system (Optojump-next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) placed at the treadmill belt level.

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE CONTACT PHASE AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT.

  Contact time (ms), defined as the percentage of the ground contact time at which the different sub-phases of stance phase occur, will be measured using an optical measurement system (Optojump-next, Microgate, Bolzano, Italy) placed at the treadmill belt level.

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

• - CHANGE FROM BASELINE RATING OF PERCEIVED EXERTION AT 48 HOURS AFTER THE TREATMENT

  Modified Borg rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE scale) defined as a way of measuring physical activity intensity level, how hard you feel like your body is working. The Borg RPE scale is a numerical scale that ranges from 1 to 10, where 0 means "no exertion at all" and 10 means "maximal exertion."

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session) and at 48 hours after the treatment.

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Body height (cm)

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session).

• Body mass (kg)

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session).

• - Skinfolds (mm)

  Participants will be assessed at baseline (24 hours after an exhaustive training session).

Study Arms (3)

Massage Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Recreational active runners recruited from local running clubs (n= 16) will receive 40 minutes of massage therapy.

Other: Massage

Cold water immersion group

EXPERIMENTAL

Recreational active runners recruited from local running clubs(n= 16) will immerse for 10 minutes in a cold water bath

Other: Cold water immersion

Control group

NO INTERVENTION

Recreational active runners recruited from local running clubs will rest passively in a sitting position for 30-min period

Interventions

Massage OTHER

The intervention will be applied to both legs to a constant distal to proximal stroking rhythm. Firstly, participants will be lying in a prone position for 22 min: 1 min on the sole of the foot, 1 min on the Achilles tendon, 1 min on the soleus muscle, 3 min on the triceps muscle, 4 min on the hamstring muscles, 30 s tapotement from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings and 30 s superficial effleurage from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings. Then they will assume a supine position for 18 min: 1 min on the sole of the foot, 3 min on the tibialis anterior and peroneus lateralis muscles and 4 min in the quadriceps, adductors and lata muscles, 30 s tapotement from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings and 30 s superficial effleurage from the sole of the foot to the hamstrings.

Massage Group

Cold water immersion OTHER

The cold water immersion group immersed their lower limbs (ensuring that the iliac crests were fully immersed) in an ice bath filled with cooled water for 10 min. The water was maintained at a mean temperature of 10 degrees (±0.5°) by the addition of ice.

Cold water immersion group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 40 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Recreationally active (current participation in races and a 10-km race time\<34.5-min)

You may not qualify if:

• Suffered from any injury within the preceding 4 months.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Iraia Bidaurrazaga-Letona: lead

Related Publications (1)

• Dunabeitia I, Arrieta H, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Gil J, Esain I, Gil SM, Irazusta J, Bidaurrazaga-Letona I. Effects of Massage and Cold Water Immersion After an Exhaustive Run on Running Economy and Biomechanics: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Jan 1;36(1):149-155. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003395.

  PMID: 31800477 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Fatigue

Interventions

Massage

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Therapy, Soft Tissue; Musculoskeletal Manipulations; Complementary Therapies; Therapeutics; Physical Therapy Modalities; Rehabilitation

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: PhD

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 25, 2018
• First Posted: July 6, 2018
• Study Start: March 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: June 30, 2016
• Study Completion: July 1, 2016
• Last Updated: July 9, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share