NCT03164330

Brief Summary

Workplace wellness programs have become a $6 billion industry and are widely touted as a way to improve employee well-being, reduce health care costs by promoting prevention, and increase workplace productivity. Yet, there is little rigorous evidence available to support these claims, partly because the voluntary nature of these programs means that participants may differ from nonparticipants for reasons unrelated to the causal effects of the wellness program. The investigators will implement a randomized control trial to identify the effects of incentives on wellness program participation, produce causal estimates of the effect of wellness programs on health outcomes, determine what kinds of employees benefit from wellness programs the most, and test for the presence of peer effects in wellness participation.

Trial Health

43
At Risk

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Trial has exceeded expected completion date
Enrollment
4,834

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Jul 2016

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
unknown

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 11, 2016

Completed
10 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

May 17, 2017

Completed
6 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

May 23, 2017

Completed
3.5 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2020

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 1, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

April 24, 2020

Status Verified

April 1, 2020

Enrollment Period

4.4 years

First QC Date

May 17, 2017

Last Update Submit

April 22, 2020

Conditions

Keywords

Health CareWorkplace WellnessPreventative Health CareHealth Costs

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (20)

  • Wellness Program participation

    Completion of biometric screening, HRA, wellness activities

    First year of study

  • Wellness Program participation

    Completion of biometric screening, HRA, wellness activities

    Second year of study

  • Selection into treatment by baseline health spending

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Average monthly spending prior to the intervention is measured via administrative health claims data.

    13 months prior to study

  • Selection into treatment by self-reported health

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Self-reported health is measured as excellent, good, average, or poor.

    Baseline measure

  • Selection into treatment by gender

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Gender is measured in administrative HR records.

    Baseline measure

  • Selection into treatment by Age

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Age is grouped into three categories: younger than 37, age 37 to 49, age 50 or higher.

    Baseline measure

  • Selection into treatment by race

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Race is measure via administrative HR records, as white or nonwhite.

    Baseline measure

  • Selection into treatment by salary quartile

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Salary, measured by administrative HR records, is coded into 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile.

    Baseline measure

  • Selection into treatment by self-reported health utilization

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Health care utilization is measured by survey, with yes/no variable for: ever having been screened, prescription drug use, physician/ER visit in prior year, hospital visit in the past year.

    Baseline measure

  • Selection into treatment by smoking status

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Smoking status is measured via survey, with yes/no variables for: current smoker of cigarettes, current smoker of other product, former smoker, never smoker.

    Baseline measure

  • Selection into treatment by chronic condition

    The investigators will compare the average observable characteristics of participants, relative to treatment non-participants. Chronic condition is measured via baseline survey, and coded as a yes/no variable.

    Baseline measure

  • Health Insurance Spending

    Spending as measured in health insurance claims data

    12 months and 24-30 months following study

  • Employment and Productivity

    Promotion, job termination, sick leave, attitude toward management, index of these variables

    12 months and 24-30 months following study

  • Health Status and Behaviors

    Marathon participation, gym visits, health screening

    12 months and 24-30 months following study

  • Height

    Biometric health measures collected one year after study. Height is measured in feet and inches.

    1 year following study, 2 years following study

  • Weight

    Biometric health measures collected one year after study. Weight is measured in pounds and ounces.

    1 year following study, 2 years following study

  • Waist circumference

    Biometric health measures collected one year after study. Circumference is measured in inches.

    1 year following study, 2 years following study

  • Resting blood pressure

    Biometric health measures collected one year after study. Blood pressure is measured in mm Hg.

    1 year following study, 2 years following study

  • Blood glucose

    Biometric health measures collected one year after study. Blood glucose is measured in mg/dL.

    1 year following study, 2 years following study

  • Cholesterol levels

    Biometric health measures collected one year after study. Cholesterol is measured mg/dL. We measure lipids: LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.

    1 year following study, 2 years following study

Study Arms (7)

Control

NO INTERVENTION

The control group takes a baseline survey, and thereafter has minimal interaction with the project, until a follow-up biometric screening is conducted during the one-year follow-up.

A25

EXPERIMENTAL

Group A25 is offered no compensation for completing a biometric screening and HRA, and low compensation for each completed wellness course in the fall or spring of the study. Interventions: Workplace Wellness Program, Biometric Screening/HRA - No compensation, Wellness Activities - low compensation

Behavioral: Workplace Wellness ProgramBehavioral: Biometric Screening/HRA - No CompensationBehavioral: Wellness Activities - Low Compensation

A75

EXPERIMENTAL

Group A75 is offered no compensation for completing a biometric screening and HRA, and high compensation for each completed wellness course in the fall or spring of the study. Interventions: Workplace Wellness Program, Biometric Screening/HRA - No compensation, Wellness Activities - high compensation

Behavioral: Workplace Wellness ProgramBehavioral: Biometric Screening/HRA - No CompensationBehavioral: Wellness Activities - High Compensation

B25

EXPERIMENTAL

Group B25 is offered moderate compensation for completing a biometric screening and HRA, and low compensation for each completed wellness course in the fall or spring of the study. Interventions: Workplace Wellness Program, Biometric Screening/HRA - moderate compensation, Wellness Activities - high compensation

Behavioral: Workplace Wellness ProgramBehavioral: Biometric Screening/HRA - Moderate CompensationBehavioral: Wellness Activities - Low Compensation

B75

EXPERIMENTAL

Group B75 is offered moderate compensation for completing a biometric screening and HRA, and high compensation for each completed wellness course in the fall or spring of the study. Interventions: Workplace Wellness Program, Biometric Screening/HRA - moderate compensation, Wellness Activities - high compensation

Behavioral: Workplace Wellness ProgramBehavioral: Biometric Screening/HRA - Moderate CompensationBehavioral: Wellness Activities - High Compensation

C25

EXPERIMENTAL

Group C25 is offered high compensation for completing a biometric screening and HRA, and low compensation for each completed wellness course in the fall or spring of the study. Interventions: Workplace Wellness Program, Biometric Screening/HRA - high compensation, Wellness Activities - high compensation

Behavioral: Workplace Wellness ProgramBehavioral: Biometric Screening/HRA - High CompensationBehavioral: Wellness Activities - Low Compensation

C75

EXPERIMENTAL

Group C75 is offered high compensation for completing a biometric screening and HRA, and high compensation for each completed wellness course in the fall or spring of the study. Interventions: Workplace Wellness Program, Biometric Screening/HRA - high compensation Wellness Activities - high compensation

Behavioral: Workplace Wellness ProgramBehavioral: Biometric Screening/HRA - High CompensationBehavioral: Wellness Activities - High Compensation

Interventions

Treatment group members will then be offered the opportunity to participate in a biometric screening and health risk assessment (biometric screening + HRA), and -- conditional on completing an biometric screening + HRA -- up to two, semester-long wellness programs. Treatment group members will be offered varying levels of cash reward for completing the biometric screening + HRA (none, moderate, high), and an additional cash reward for completing each wellness activity (low, high), for a total of 6 treatment cells. Follow-up surveys and biometric screenings will be administered one year later, among a subset of control and treatment group members.

Also known as: Biometric Screening, Health Risk Assessment, Wellness Course
A25A75B25B75C25C75

The biometric test will measure: (1) anthropometrics such as height, weight, and waist circumference (to assess obesity and overweight status); (2) resting blood pressure (to assess hypertension); (3) blood glucose (to assess diabetes risk); and (4) total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels, total cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides (to assess risk of cardiovascular disease). The HRA is a survey designed to identify areas of health improvement, by asking a series of questions related to wellness, health status, nutrition, healthy activities, desire to improve health, preventative health measures. The HRA is also pre-populated with biometric information from the screening. Upon completion, participants are given customized feedback on areas of improvement. No compensation for completion.

A25A75

The biometric test will measure: (1) anthropometrics such as height, weight, \& waist circumference (to assess obesity and overweight status); (2) resting blood pressure (to assess hypertension); (3) blood glucose (to assess diabetes risk); \& (4) total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels, total cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides (to assess risk of cardiovascular disease). The HRA is a survey designed to identify areas of health improvement, by asking a series of questions related to wellness, health status, nutrition, healthy activities, desire to improve health, preventative health measures. The HRA is also pre-populated with biometric information from the screening. Upon completion, participants are given customized feedback on areas of improvement. Moderate compensation for completion.

B25B75

The biometric test will measure: (1) anthropometrics such as height, weight, and waist circumference (to assess obesity and overweight status); (2) resting blood pressure (to assess hypertension); (3) blood glucose (to assess diabetes risk); and (4) total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol levels, total cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides (to assess risk of cardiovascular disease). The HRA is a survey designed to identify areas of health improvement, by asking a series of questions related to wellness, health status, nutrition, healthy activities, desire to improve health, preventative health measures. The HRA is also pre-populated with biometric information from the screening. Upon completion, participants are given customized feedback on areas of improvement. High compensation for completion.

C25C75

Courses are designed by the UI Wellness Center and include an Active Living class; self-paced online health challenges in physical activity, weight management, and healthy eating; a weight management class; a tobacco cessation hotline; a stress management class; a Tai Chi class; and a chronic disease management class. Low compensation for each class.

A25B25C25

Courses are designed by the UI Wellness Center and include an Active Living class; self-paced online health challenges in physical activity, weight management, and healthy eating; a weight management class; a tobacco cessation hotline; a stress management class; a Tai Chi class; and a chronic disease management class. High compensation for each class.

A75B75C75

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Benefits eligible employees at UIUC. Physically located on UIUC campus, not terminated, eligible for benefits.

You may not qualify if:

  • Members of the research team, employees directly involved with the approval or implementation of the study, family members of the research team.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

University of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois, 60605, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Risk Assessment

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

RiskProbabilityStatistics as TopicEpidemiologic MethodsInvestigative TechniquesRisk ManagementOrganization and AdministrationHealth Services AdministrationHealth Care Evaluation MechanismsQuality of Health CareHealth Care Quality, Access, and EvaluationEpidemiologic MeasurementsPublic HealthEnvironment and Public Health

Study Officials

  • Damon Jones, PhD

    University of Chicago

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
CARE PROVIDER
Masking Details
Professionals who implement the biometric screenings, health risk assessments, and wellness courses do no know the exact treatment group of study participants.
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Our primary analysis compares outcomes between a control group and six (6) treatment groups. Our secondary analysis compares pre-determined characteristics across members of the treatment group who adopt the intervention and those who do not.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Faculty Research Fellow

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

May 17, 2017

First Posted

May 23, 2017

Study Start

July 11, 2016

Primary Completion

December 1, 2020

Study Completion

December 1, 2020

Last Updated

April 24, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-04

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will share

Our study will collect detailed data on human subjects and perform several analyses using these data. These data will include self-reported survey data, biometric data, employer administrative data, and health care insurance claims data. Because our data are confidential and include protected health information, we can only share a de-identified version of the data. A statement is included on the study's informed consent form to secure participant's consent to make the de-identified data available to outside researchers. We will also provide replication code that will allow individuals to replicate all of our results. The public use version of our data and replication code for our analyses will be posted publicly on our study's website, which will be hosted at www.nber.org, as well as on the PI's websites.

Shared Documents
STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP, ANALYTIC CODE
Time Frame
Data will become available by July 2020, and will be available indefinitely.
Access Criteria
De-identified data, not linked across outcomes, will be available to download publicly. De-identified data, linked across outcomes, which is necessary for replication, will be available via a secure computer terminal at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
More information

Locations