Treatment of Gastric Varices Using EUS Guided Techniques

NCT03155256 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: Dec-18-2016
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 59
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Bleeding from gastric varices (GV) is associated with high mortality. Injection of cyanoacrylate (CYA) using standard gastroscopes has demonstrated higher hemostasis and lower rebleeding rates compared to band ligation or sclerotherapy. Nevertheless CYA treatment is known to be associated with significant adverse events. Pulmonary embolism due to CYA injection is a serious and sometimes fatal complication of this therapy. Romero-Garcia et al. recently showed that, even these patients usually have respiratory symptom, this complication can be present in asymptomatic patients and with only CT pathological images showing it. On the other hand, risk of glue embolism, has been described to be dependent on the volume of CYA injected, being significantly greater with high volume. Other complications related to CYA injection are, hemorrhage from post injection ulcers, fever, peritonitis, needle impaction, and even death. Also the injection material can cause serious damage to the endoscope. Currently endoscopic treatments are CYA injection under direct visualization using a standard gastroscope and treatment under EUS guidance with injection of CYA, coils or both. However, to date, it is unknown whether one of these techniques is technically more feasible or causes less adverse events than the other. Treatment under EUS guidance may improve results because of precise targeting of the varix lumen or afferent feeding veins. This allows the vein to be obstructed with a small amount of CYA, less than used for the "blind" injection of GV with standard endoscopic technique and may reduce the risk of glue embolism. EUS can confirm varix obliteration by using Doppler. Also visualization of GV by using EUS is not impaired by blood or food in the stomach and thus can be performed in the setting of active hemorrhage.

Conditions

Gastric Varix

Keywords

EUS, cyanoacrylate, coils, gastric varices

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Efficacy of EUS guided techniques (Coils + CYA vs Coils alone) for GFV treatment

  Efficacy will be measure by technical success defined as successful technique performance and funcional success defined as complete obliteration of the varix and absence of Doppler flow on EUS.

  12 month

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Safety of EUS guided techniques (Coils + CYA vs Coils alone) for GFV treatment

  12 month

Study Arms (2)

Coils + Cyanoacrylate Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Patients with Gastric Varices GOV II or IGV I and with active bleeding, history of previous bleeding due to GV (secondary prophylaxis) or high-risk GV according to Baveno VI consensus for primary prophylaxis will be treated using EUS-guided injection of coils with cyanoacrylate

Procedure: EUS-guided injection of coils with cyanoacrylate

Coils Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Patients with Gastric Varices GOV II or IGV I and with active bleeding, history of previous bleeding due to GV (secondary prophylaxis) or high-risk GV according to Baveno VI consensus for primary prophylaxis will be treated using EUS-guided injection of coils

Procedure: EUS-guided injection of coils

Interventions

EUS-guided injection of coils with cyanoacrylate PROCEDURE

First a standard diagnostic upper endoscopy will be performed in order to classify the varices according to the classification of Sarin and Kumar. Only GOV II and IGV I varices will be included. Once the patient is conceder a candidate will be treated with Coils plus CYA (Group A)

Also known as: Drug: cyanoacrilate, Device: coils

Coils + Cyanoacrylate Group

EUS-guided injection of coils PROCEDURE

First a standard diagnostic upper endoscopy will be performed in order to classify the varices according to the classification of Sarin and Kumar. Only GOV II and IGV I varices will be included. Once the patient is conceder a candidate will be treated with only coils (Group B).

Also known as: Device: coils

Coils Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 80 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Above 18 years old patients
• Who agree to participate in the study
• Proven GV (GOV II or IGV I) on initial standard diagnostic upper endoscopy
• Active bleeding, history of previous bleeding (secondary prophylaxis) and primary prophylaxis
• Patient preference for EUS-guided therapy

You may not qualify if:

• Inability to provide informed consent for the procedure
• Concurrent hepato-renal syndrome and/or multi-organ failure
• Pregnancy
• Platelet count less than 50,000/ml or International Normalized Rate (INR) \>2
• Esophageal stricture
• Splenic or Portal vein thrombosis because an increase risk of failure

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Instituto Ecuatoriano de Enfermedades Digestivas: lead

Study Sites (1)

Ecuadorian Institute of Digestive Diseases, Omnihospital

Guayaquil, Guayas, 090505, Ecuador

Location

Related Publications (28)

• Hashizume M, Akahoshi T, Tomikawa M. Management of gastric varices. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Jan;26 Suppl 1:102-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06572.x.

  PMID: 21199520 RESULT

• Sarin SK, Sachdev G, Nanda R, Misra SP, Broor SL. Endoscopic sclerotherapy in the treatment of gastric varices. Br J Surg. 1988 Aug;75(8):747-50. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800750809.

  PMID: 3262398 RESULT

• Irani S, Kowdley K, Kozarek R. Gastric varices: an updated review of management. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 Feb;45(2):133-48. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181fbe249.

  PMID: 21135706 RESULT

• Mahadeva S, Bellamy MC, Kessel D, Davies MH, Millson CE. Cost-effectiveness of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (histoacryl) glue injections versus transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in the management of acute gastric variceal bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Dec;98(12):2688-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.08769.x.

  PMID: 14687818 RESULT

• Cheng LF, Wang ZQ, Li CZ, Cai FC, Huang QY, Linghu EQ, Li W, Chai GJ, Sun GH, Mao YP, Wang YM, Li J, Gao P, Fan TY. Treatment of gastric varices by endoscopic sclerotherapy using butyl cyanoacrylate: 10 years' experience of 635 cases. Chin Med J (Engl). 2007 Dec 5;120(23):2081-5.

  PMID: 18167180 RESULT

• Seewald S, Ang TL, Imazu H, Naga M, Omar S, Groth S, Seitz U, Zhong Y, Thonke F, Soehendra N. A standardized injection technique and regimen ensures success and safety of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection for the treatment of gastric fundal varices (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Sep;68(3):447-54. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.02.050.

  PMID: 18760173 RESULT

• Romero-Castro R, Ellrichmann M, Ortiz-Moyano C, Subtil-Inigo JC, Junquera-Florez F, Gornals JB, Repiso-Ortega A, Vila-Costas J, Marcos-Sanchez F, Munoz-Navas M, Romero-Gomez M, Brullet-Benedi E, Romero-Vazquez J, Caunedo-Alvarez A, Pellicer-Bautista F, Herrerias-Gutierrez JM, Fritscher-Ravens A. EUS-guided coil versus cyanoacrylate therapy for the treatment of gastric varices: a multicenter study (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2013 Nov;78(5):711-21. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2013.05.009. Epub 2013 Jul 25.

  PMID: 23891417 RESULT

• Hwang SS, Kim HH, Park SH, Kim SE, Jung JI, Ahn BY, Kim SH, Chung SK, Park YH, Choi KH. N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate pulmonary embolism after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for gastric variceal bleeding. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2001 Jan-Feb;25(1):16-22. doi: 10.1097/00004728-200101000-00003.

  PMID: 11176287 RESULT

• Kok K, Bond RP, Duncan IC, Fourie PA, Ziady C, van den Bogaerde JB, van der Merwe SW. Distal embolization and local vessel wall ulceration after gastric variceal obliteration with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate: a case report and review of the literature. Endoscopy. 2004 May;36(5):442-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-814323.

  PMID: 15100955 RESULT

• Sarin SK, Jain AK, Jain M, Gupta R. A randomized controlled trial of cyanoacrylate versus alcohol injection in patients with isolated fundic varices. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Apr;97(4):1010-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05622.x.

  PMID: 12003381 RESULT

• Noophun P, Kongkam P, Gonlachanvit S, Rerknimitr R. Bleeding gastric varices: results of endoscopic injection with cyanoacrylate at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Dec 21;11(47):7531-5. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i47.7531.

  PMID: 16437729 RESULT

• Bhasin DK, Sharma BC, Prasad H, Singh K. Endoscopic removal of sclerotherapy needle from gastric varix after N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 Apr;51(4 Pt 1):497-8. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(00)70459-7. No abstract available.

  PMID: 10744834 RESULT

• Saracco G, Giordanino C, Roberto N, Ezio D, Luca T, Caronna S, Carucci P, De Bernardi Venon W, Barletti C, Bruno M, De Angelis C, Musso A, Repici A, Suriani R, Rizzetto M. Fatal multiple systemic embolisms after injection of cyanoacrylate in bleeding gastric varices of a patient who was noncirrhotic but with idiopathic portal hypertension. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Feb;65(2):345-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2006.07.009. Epub 2006 Dec 1. No abstract available.

  PMID: 17141231 RESULT

• Rickman OB, Utz JP, Aughenbaugh GL, Gostout CJ. Pulmonary embolization of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate after endoscopic injection therapy for gastric variceal bleeding. Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Nov;79(11):1455-8. doi: 10.4065/79.11.1455.

  PMID: 15544027 RESULT

• Bhat YM, Weilert F, Fredrick RT, Kane SD, Shah JN, Hamerski CM, Binmoeller KF. EUS-guided treatment of gastric fundal varices with combined injection of coils and cyanoacrylate glue: a large U.S. experience over 6 years (with video). Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Jun;83(6):1164-72. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2015.09.040. Epub 2015 Oct 9.

  PMID: 26452992 RESULT

• Romero-Castro R, Pellicer-Bautista F, Giovannini M, Marcos-Sanchez F, Caparros-Escudero C, Jimenez-Saenz M, Gomez-Parra M, Arenzana-Seisdedos A, Leria-Yebenes V, Herrerias-Gutierrez JM. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided coil embolization therapy in gastric varices. Endoscopy. 2010;42 Suppl 2:E35-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1215261. Epub 2010 Jan 13. No abstract available.

  PMID: 20073010 RESULT

• Lee YT, Chan FK, Ng EK, Leung VK, Law KB, Yung MY, Chung SC, Sung JJ. EUS-guided injection of cyanoacrylate for bleeding gastric varices. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 Aug;52(2):168-74. doi: 10.1067/mge.2000.107911.

  PMID: 10922086 RESULT

• Romero-Castro R, Pellicer-Bautista FJ, Jimenez-Saenz M, Marcos-Sanchez F, Caunedo-Alvarez A, Ortiz-Moyano C, Gomez-Parra M, Herrerias-Gutierrez JM. EUS-guided injection of cyanoacrylate in perforating feeding veins in gastric varices: results in 5 cases. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Aug;66(2):402-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2007.03.008.

  PMID: 17643723 RESULT

• Gubler C, Bauerfeind P. Safe and successful endoscopic initial treatment and long-term eradication of gastric varices by endoscopic ultrasound-guided Histoacryl (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) injection. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep;49(9):1136-42. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2014.929171. Epub 2014 Jun 20.

  PMID: 24947448 RESULT

• Fujii-Lau LL, Law R, Wong Kee Song LM, Gostout CJ, Kamath PS, Levy MJ. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided coil injection therapy of esophagogastric and ectopic varices. Surg Endosc. 2016 Apr;30(4):1396-404. doi: 10.1007/s00464-015-4342-3. Epub 2015 Jul 3.

  PMID: 26139494 RESULT

• Binmoeller KF, Weilert F, Shah JN, Kim J. EUS-guided transesophageal treatment of gastric fundal varices with combined coiling and cyanoacrylate glue injection (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Nov;74(5):1019-25. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2011.06.030. Epub 2011 Sep 1.

  PMID: 21889139 RESULT

• Sarin SK, Kumar A. Gastric varices: profile, classification, and management. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989 Oct;84(10):1244-9.

  PMID: 2679046 RESULT

• Rengstorff DS, Binmoeller KF. A pilot study of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate injection for treatment of gastric fundal varices in humans. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Apr;59(4):553-8. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(03)02865-7.

  PMID: 15044898 RESULT

• Iwase H, Suga S, Morise K, Kuroiwa A, Yamaguchi T, Horiuchi Y. Color Doppler endoscopic ultrasonography for the evaluation of gastric varices and endoscopic obliteration with cyanoacrylate glue. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995 Feb;41(2):150-4. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(05)80599-1. No abstract available.

  PMID: 7721004 RESULT

• Levy MJ, Wong Kee Song LM, Kendrick ML, Misra S, Gostout CJ. EUS-guided coil embolization for refractory ectopic variceal bleeding (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Mar;67(3):572-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2007.06.063. Epub 2007 Nov 12. No abstract available.

  PMID: 17997404 RESULT

• de Franchis R; Baveno VI Faculty. Expanding consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno VI Consensus Workshop: Stratifying risk and individualizing care for portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2015 Sep;63(3):743-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.022. Epub 2015 Jun 3. No abstract available.

  PMID: 26047908 RESULT

• Gianotti R, Charles H, Hymes K, Chandarana H, Sigal S. Treatment of gastric varices with partial splenic embolization in a patient with portal vein thrombosis and a myeloproliferative disorder. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 21;20(39):14495-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14495.

  PMID: 25339837 RESULT

• Robles-Medranda C, Oleas R, Valero M, Puga-Tejada M, Baquerizo-Burgos J, Ospina J, Pitanga-Lukashok H. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided deployment of embolization coils and cyanoacrylate injection in gastric varices versus coiling alone: a randomized trial. Endoscopy. 2020 Apr;52(4):268-275. doi: 10.1055/a-1123-9054. Epub 2020 Mar 3.

  PMID: 32126576 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Esophageal and Gastric Varices

Interventions

Cyanoacrylates

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Esophageal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Hypertension, Portal; Liver Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Acrylates; Acids, Acyclic; Carboxylic Acids; Organic Chemicals; Nitriles; Polymers; Macromolecular Substances; Biomedical and Dental Materials; Tissue Adhesives; Manufactured Materials; Technology, Industry, and Agriculture

Study Officials

• Carlos A Robles-medranda, MD

  Ecuadorian Institute of Digestive Diseases

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: December 20, 2016
• First Posted: May 16, 2017
• Study Start: March 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: August 31, 2017
• Study Completion: October 31, 2018
• Last Updated: February 26, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-02

Locations

EC (1)