NCT03131960

Brief Summary

This is a pivotal phase study of up to 120 subjects and 15 clinical sites. All subjects are implanted with the Vivistim System® and then randomized to either study treatment or active-control treatment. The randomization will be stratified by age (\<30, \>30) and baseline FMA UE (20 to \<35; \>35 to 50). Study treatment is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) delivered during rehabilitation. Active control treatment is rehabilitation (standard-of-care treatment) with only a minimal amount of VNS at the start of each session intended to support blinding.

Trial Health

90
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
108

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Jul 2017

Longer than P75 for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
2 countries

20 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

April 24, 2017

Completed
3 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 27, 2017

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 1, 2017

Completed
2.8 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

April 30, 2020

Completed
1.1 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

June 14, 2021

Completed
1 year until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

June 30, 2022

Completed
Last Updated

July 20, 2022

Status Verified

July 1, 2022

Enrollment Period

2.8 years

First QC Date

April 24, 2017

Results QC Date

April 27, 2021

Last Update Submit

July 11, 2022

Conditions

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Limb (FMA-UE) Average Change

    The Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Limb (FMA-UE) was analyzed for difference in average change at 1-day after 6-weeks of therapy compared to baseline (Difference in average change in FM-A from baseline \[V4\] to one day after therapy \[V5\]). The upper extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) was collected at each visit. The FMA-UE is a common scale used to measure motor impairment after a stroke. The range is 0 (more impairment) to 66 (no impairment).

    V5, One day after 6-weeks of therapy

Secondary Outcomes (3)

  • Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Limb (FMA-UE) Average Change

    V7, 90 days after 6-weeks of therapy

  • Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Upper Limb (FMA-UE) Response

    V7, 90 days after 6-weeks of therapy

  • Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) Average Change

    V7, 90 days after 6-weeks of therapy

Study Arms (2)

VNS + Rehabilitation (1)

EXPERIMENTAL

Study treatment is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) delivered during rehabilitation.

Device: Paired Vagus Nerve StimulationOther: Rehabilitation

Control VNS

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Active control treatment is rehabilitation (standard-of-care treatment) with only a minimal amount of VNS at the start of each session intended to support blinding.

Other: Rehabilitation

Interventions

Stimulation of the vagus nerve that is paired with upper limb rehabilitation movements.

VNS + Rehabilitation (1)

Rehabilitation movements to improve upper limb function after stroke

Control VNSVNS + Rehabilitation (1)

Eligibility Criteria

Age22 Years - 80 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • History of unilateral supratentorial ischemic stroke that occurred at least 9 months but not more than ten 10 years prior to enrollment.
  • Age \>22 years and \<80 years.
  • FMA-UE score of 20 to 50 (inclusive of 20 and 50).
  • Ability to communicate, understand, and give appropriate consent. Subjects should be able to follow two-step commands.
  • Right- or left-sided weakness of upper extremity.
  • Active wrist flexion/extension; active abduction/extension of thumb and at least two additional digits.

You may not qualify if:

  • History of hemorrhagic stroke
  • Presence of ongoing dysphagia or aspiration difficulties.
  • Subject receiving medication that may significantly interfere with the actions of VNS on neurotransmitter systems at study entry. A list of excluded medications will be provided to Investigators.
  • Prior injury to vagus nerve, either bilateral or unilateral (e.g., injury during carotid endarterectomy).
  • Severe or worse depression (Beck Depression Scale \> 29) (Beck et al., 1961)
  • Unfavorable candidacy for device implant surgery (e.g., history of adverse reactions to anesthetics, poor surgical candidate in surgeon's opinion, etc.)
  • Current use of any other stimulation device, such as a pacemaker or other neurostimulator; current use of any other investigational device or drug.
  • Medical or mental instability (diagnosis of personality disorder, psychosis, or substance abuse) that would prevent subject from meeting protocol timeline.
  • Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant or to breastfeed during the study period.
  • Current requirement, or likely future requirement, of diathermy during the study duration.
  • Active rehabilitation within 4 weeks prior to consent.
  • Botox injections or any other non-study active rehabilitation of the upper extremity within 4 weeks prior to therapy through the post-30 day visit (Visit 6).
  • Severe spasticity of the upper limb (Modified Ashworth ≥3) (Bohannon and Smith, 1987).
  • Significant sensory loss. Sensory loss will be measured using the Upper Extremity sensory section of the Fugl Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance. The assessment addresses light touch (2 items) and proprioception (4 items).The highest points attained is 12; subjects with scores less than 6 will be excluded from the study.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (20)

Perseverance Research Center

Scottsdale, Arizona, 85254, United States

Location

Rancho Research Institute

Downey, California, 90242, United States

Location

Providence St. John's Medical Center

Santa Monica, California, 90404, United States

Location

Mayo Jacksonville / Brooks Rehabilitation

Jacksonville, Florida, 32224, United States

Location

Emory University Medical School

Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, United States

Location

Massachusetts General Hospital

Boston, Massachusetts, 02129, United States

Location

Spectrum Health

Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, United States

Location

New York Presbyterian Hospital / Weill Cornell Medicine

New York, New York, 10065, United States

Location

Burke Medical Research Institute

White Plains, New York, 10605, United States

Location

Ohio State University - Neuroscience Research Institute

Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States

Location

Thomas Jefferson

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States

Location

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, United States

Location

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Nashville, Tennessee, 37240, United States

Location

UT Southwestern

Dallas, Texas, 75390, United States

Location

TIRR Memorial Hermann (UT Health Science Center at Houston)

Houston, Texas, 77030, United States

Location

Royal Aberdeen Infirmary

Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB, United Kingdom

Location

University of Glasgow, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital

Glasgow, G51 4TF, United Kingdom

Location

Royal London

London, E15 4LZ, United Kingdom

Location

Newcastle (Royal Victoria Infirmary)

Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, United Kingdom

Location

Royal Hallamshire Hospital

Sheffield, S1 4DA, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (7)

  • Kimberley TJ, Prudente CN, Engineer ND, Pierce D, Tarver B, Cramer SC, Dickie DA, Dawson J. Study protocol for a pivotal randomised study assessing vagus nerve stimulation during rehabilitation for improved upper limb motor function after stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2019 Dec;4(4):363-377. doi: 10.1177/2396987319855306. Epub 2019 Jun 17.

    PMID: 31903435BACKGROUND
  • Khodaparast N, Hays SA, Sloan AM, Fayyaz T, Hulsey DR, Rennaker RL 2nd, Kilgard MP. Vagus nerve stimulation delivered during motor rehabilitation improves recovery in a rat model of stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2014 Sep;28(7):698-706. doi: 10.1177/1545968314521006. Epub 2014 Feb 18.

    PMID: 24553102BACKGROUND
  • Dawson J, Pierce D, Dixit A, Kimberley TJ, Robertson M, Tarver B, Hilmi O, McLean J, Forbes K, Kilgard MP, Rennaker RL, Cramer SC, Walters M, Engineer N. Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Upper-Limb Rehabilitation After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2016 Jan;47(1):143-50. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010477. Epub 2015 Dec 8.

    PMID: 26645257BACKGROUND
  • Dawson J, Liu CY, Francisco GE, Cramer SC, Wolf SL, Dixit A, Alexander J, Ali R, Brown BL, Feng W, DeMark L, Hochberg LR, Kautz SA, Majid A, O'Dell MW, Pierce D, Prudente CN, Redgrave J, Turner DL, Engineer ND, Kimberley TJ. Vagus nerve stimulation paired with rehabilitation for upper limb motor function after ischaemic stroke (VNS-REHAB): a randomised, blinded, pivotal, device trial. Lancet. 2021 Apr 24;397(10284):1545-1553. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00475-X.

  • Kimberley TJ, Cramer SC, Wolf SL, Liu C, Gochyyev P, Dawson J; VNS-REHAB Trial Group. Long-Term Outcomes of Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Upper Extremity Rehabilitation After Stroke. Stroke. 2025 Aug;56(8):2255-2265. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.050479. Epub 2025 May 7.

  • Lin S, Rodriguez CO, Wolf SL. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Paired With Upper Extremity Rehabilitation for Chronic Ischemic Stroke: Contribution of Dosage Parameters. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2024 Aug;38(8):607-615. doi: 10.1177/15459683241258769. Epub 2024 Jun 5.

  • Vora I, Gochyyev P, Engineer N, Wolf SL, Kimberley TJ. Distal Versus Proximal Arm Improvement After Paired Vagus Nerve Stimulation Therapy After Chronic Stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2024 Sep;105(9):1709-1717. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2024.05.018. Epub 2024 May 28.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

StrokeParesis

Interventions

Rehabilitation

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Cerebrovascular DisordersBrain DiseasesCentral Nervous System DiseasesNervous System DiseasesVascular DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesNeurologic ManifestationsSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

AftercareContinuity of Patient CarePatient CareTherapeuticsHealth ServicesHealth Care Facilities Workforce and Services

Results Point of Contact

Title
Study Director
Organization
MicroTransponder Inc.

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
Participants, therapists (care providers), investigators, and outcomes assessors do not know which group (VNS or control VNS) the patients are randomized. Only one person at the site - the programmer who programs the device settings - knows which group the subject is randomized into.
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Model Details: Double blind, randomized, parallel study with partial crossover (control subjects crossover to treatment after randomized portion)
Sponsor Type
INDUSTRY
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

April 24, 2017

First Posted

April 27, 2017

Study Start

July 1, 2017

Primary Completion

April 30, 2020

Study Completion

June 30, 2022

Last Updated

July 20, 2022

Results First Posted

June 14, 2021

Record last verified: 2022-07

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations