Comparing the Effectiveness of Clinicians and Paraprofessionals to Reduce Disparities in Perinatal Depression

NCT02979444 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: STU00203761
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 874
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

There is considerable evidence that most perinatal women at risk for postpartum depression do not engage in mental health services, even when referred by home visiting (HV) programs, primary care physicians, obstetricians, or gynecologists. Thus, interventions that can be delivered via alternative settings-e.g., HV programs-are essential to prevent the onset of major depression and worsening of depressive symptoms among perinatal women. This Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) funded project aims to evaluate whether the Mothers and Babies (MB) group intervention, when led by paraprofessional home visitors, is more efficacious than usual care (i.e., home visiting without the MB enhancement). It will also examine if MB, when led by paraprofessional home visitors, is not inferior to MB delivered by mental health professionals. The results of this study will inform decision-making by HV programs regarding provision of MB to perinatal women at risk for developing major depression.

Conditions

Perinatal Depression; PostPartum Depression

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• The Change in QIDS-16 Scores From Baseline to 24 Weeks Postpartum

  Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR16). The QIDS-SR16 was used to assess severity of depressive symptoms consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual symptom criteria. Total scores range from 0-27; higher scores indicate greater symptomatology. The investigators anticipate a clinically meaningfully difference to be on the order of five points (as this is the difference in score on each severity level of depression) (Trivedi et al., 2004). For our non-inferiority analyses comparing MB led by home visitors vs. MB led by mental health clinicians, we will have \>85% power to detect a difference difference in mean QIDS-16 scores of two points between the two active intervention arms.

  Baseline and 12 and 24-week postpartum follow-up

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• The Change in the Behavioral Activation Scale From Baseline to 24-weeks Postpartum

  Baseline and 12 and 24-week postpartum follow-ups

• The Change in the Negative Mood Regulation Scale

  Baseline and 12 and 24-week postpartum follow-ups

• The Change in the MOS Social Support Survey From Baseline to 24-Weeks Postpartum

  Baseline and 12 and 24-week follow-ups

• The Change in the Experiences Questionnaire From Baseline to 24-Weeks Postpartum

  Baseline and 12 and 24-week follow-ups

Study Arms (3)

Mothers and Babies Groups Home-Visitor

EXPERIMENTAL

Women who participate in the home-visitor led arm will receive the intervention from a paraprofessional home-visitor and complete assessments at baseline, post-intervention, and 12 and 24 weeks postpartum.

Behavioral: Mothers and Babies Groups

Mothers and Babies Groups Clinician

EXPERIMENTAL

Women who participate in the mental health consultant led arm will receive the intervention from a mental health consultant and complete assessments at baseline, post-intervention, and 12 and 24 weeks postpartum.

Behavioral: Mothers and Babies Groups

Control

NO INTERVENTION

Women who participate in the control arm will not receive the intervention but will complete assessments at baseline, 8 weeks post-baseline, and 12 and 24 weeks postpartum.

Interventions

Mothers and Babies Groups BEHAVIORAL

The Mothers and Babies group intervention is comprised of 6, two hour sessions. It is divided into three overall sections, one on each of the following Cognitive Behavioral Theory components; Pleasant Activities, Thoughts, and Contact with Others. In each of these sections, participants are first taught to understand how the component influences her mood. This teaching of the relationships between CBT components and mood is referred to as psychoeducation. In addition to psychoeducation, participants also receive concrete skills in each of the three sections (pleasant activities, thoughts, contact with others). These skills are intended to provide participants with a "toolkit" of approaches they can use to improve their mood.

Mothers and Babies Groups Clinician; Mothers and Babies Groups Home-Visitor

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 16 Years+
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• The investigators will enroll only pregnant women in this study, given that the Mothers and Babies Course is delivered prenatally as a postpartum depression prevention intervention. The investigators will offer participation to prenatal home visiting clients, ages 16 and older, knowing the client base for home visiting programs includes pregnant teens.

You may not qualify if:

• Women with high-risk medical and pregnancy conditions will be excluded since this may preclude women from regularly attending intervention sessions. The investigators will not exclude women based on race/ethnicity or based on demographic characteristics other than the ability to speak English or Spanish.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Northwestern University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States

Location

Related Publications (23)

• Abrams LS, Dornig K, Curran L. Barriers to service use for postpartum depression symptoms among low-income ethnic minority mothers in the United States. Qual Health Res. 2009 Apr;19(4):535-51. doi: 10.1177/1049732309332794.

  PMID: 19299758 BACKGROUND

• Catanzaro SJ, Mearns J. Measuring generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation: initial scale development and implications. J Pers Assess. 1990 Summer;54(3-4):546-63. doi: 10.1080/00223891.1990.9674019.

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  PMID: 3651732 BACKGROUND

• Fresco DM, Moore MT, van Dulmen MH, Segal ZV, Ma SH, Teasdale JD, Williams JM. Initial psychometric properties of the experiences questionnaire: validation of a self-report measure of decentering. Behav Ther. 2007 Sep;38(3):234-46. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2006.08.003. Epub 2007 Apr 24.

  PMID: 17697849 BACKGROUND

• Gaynes BN, Gavin N, Meltzer-Brody S, Lohr KN, Swinson T, Gartlehner G, Brody S, Miller WC. Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2005 Feb;(119):1-8. doi: 10.1037/e439372005-001. No abstract available.

  PMID: 15760246 BACKGROUND

• Grace SL, Evindar A, Stewart DE. The effect of postpartum depression on child cognitive development and behavior: a review and critical analysis of the literature. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2003 Nov;6(4):263-74. doi: 10.1007/s00737-003-0024-6.

  PMID: 14628179 BACKGROUND

• Huybrechts KF, Palmsten K, Mogun H, Kowal M, Avorn J, Setoguchi-Iwata S, Hernandez-Diaz S. National trends in antidepressant medication treatment among publicly insured pregnant women. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013 May-Jun;35(3):265-71. doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2012.12.010. Epub 2013 Jan 30.

  PMID: 23374897 BACKGROUND

• Leis JA, Mendelson T, Perry DF, Tandon SD. Perceptions of mental health services among low-income, perinatal African-American women. Womens Health Issues. 2011 Jul-Aug;21(4):314-9. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2011.03.005.

  PMID: 21712144 BACKGROUND

• Meijer JL, Beijers C, van Pampus MG, Verbeek T, Stolk RP, Milgrom J, Bockting CL, Burger H. Predictive accuracy of Edinburgh postnatal depression scale assessment during pregnancy for the risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2014 Dec;121(13):1604-10. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12759. Epub 2014 Apr 7.

  PMID: 24703235 BACKGROUND

• Rich-Edwards JW, Kleinman K, Abrams A, Harlow BL, McLaughlin TJ, Joffe H, Gillman MW. Sociodemographic predictors of antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms among women in a medical group practice. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006 Mar;60(3):221-7. doi: 10.1136/jech.2005.039370.

  PMID: 16476752 BACKGROUND

• Sherbourne CD, Stewart AL. The MOS social support survey. Soc Sci Med. 1991;32(6):705-14. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-b.

  PMID: 2035047 BACKGROUND

• Sohr-Preston SL, Scaramella LV. Implications of timing of maternal depressive symptoms for early cognitive and language development. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2006 Mar;9(1):65-83. doi: 10.1007/s10567-006-0004-2.

  PMID: 16817009 BACKGROUND

• Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Ibrahim HM, Carmody TJ, Biggs MM, Suppes T, Crismon ML, Shores-Wilson K, Toprac MG, Dennehy EB, Witte B, Kashner TM. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician Rating (IDS-C) and Self-Report (IDS-SR), and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, Clinician Rating (QIDS-C) and Self-Report (QIDS-SR) in public sector patients with mood disorders: a psychometric evaluation. Psychol Med. 2004 Jan;34(1):73-82. doi: 10.1017/s0033291703001107.

  PMID: 14971628 BACKGROUND

• van Doesum KTM, Hosman CMH, Riksen-Walraven JM, Hoefnagels C. Correlates of depressed mothers' sensitivity toward their infants: the role of maternal, child, and contextual characteristics. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;46(6):747-756. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318040b272.

  PMID: 17513987 BACKGROUND

• Zittel-Palamara K, Rockmaker JR, Schwabel KM, Weinstein WL, Thompson SJ. Desired assistance versus care received for postpartum depression: access to care differences by race. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2008 Jun;11(2):81-92. doi: 10.1007/s00737-008-0001-1. Epub 2008 May 8.

  PMID: 18463943 BACKGROUND

• Kanter, J.W., Mulick, P.S., Busch, A.M., Berlin, K.S., & Martell, C.R. (2007). The Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS): Psychometric properties and factor structure. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29, 191-202.

  BACKGROUND

• Kanter, J.W., Rusch, L.C., Busch, A.M., & Sedivy, S.K. (2009). Validation of the behavioral activation for depression scale (BADS) in a community sample with elevated depressive symptoms. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 36-42.

  BACKGROUND

• Teri L, Lewinsohn P. Modification of the Pleasant and Unpleasant Events Schedules for use with the elderly. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1982 Jun;50(3):444-5. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.50.3.444. No abstract available.

  PMID: 7096747 BACKGROUND

• O'Hara, M., & Swain, A. (1996). Rates and risk of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 8, 37-54.

  BACKGROUND

• Tandon SD, Johnson JK, Diebold A, Segovia M, Gollan JK, Degillio A, Zakieh D, Yeh C, Solano-Martinez J, Ciolino JD. Comparing the effectiveness of home visiting paraprofessionals and mental health professionals delivering a postpartum depression preventive intervention: a cluster-randomized non-inferiority clinical trial. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2021 Aug;24(4):629-640. doi: 10.1007/s00737-021-01112-9. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

  PMID: 33655429 DERIVED

• Diebold A, Segovia M, Johnson JK, Degillio A, Zakieh D, Park HJ, Lim K, Tandon SD. Acceptability and appropriateness of a perinatal depression preventive group intervention: a qualitative analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Mar 7;20(1):189. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-5031-z.

  PMID: 32143644 DERIVED

• Ciolino JD, Diebold A, Jensen JK, Rouleau GW, Koloms KK, Tandon D. Choosing an imbalance metric for covariate-constrained randomization in multiple-arm cluster-randomized trials. Trials. 2019 May 28;20(1):293. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3324-5.

  PMID: 31138319 DERIVED

• Jensen JK, Ciolino JD, Diebold A, Segovia M, Degillio A, Solano-Martinez J, Tandon SD. Comparing the Effectiveness of Clinicians and Paraprofessionals to Reduce Disparities in Perinatal Depression via the Mothers and Babies Course: Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2018 Nov 20;7(11):e11624. doi: 10.2196/11624.

  PMID: 30459138 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Depression, Postpartum

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Puerperal Disorders; Pregnancy Complications; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Depressive Disorder; Mood Disorders; Mental Disorders

Limitations and Caveats

Our overall sample's baseline depressive symptom score falls in the mild symptom range of the QIDS. There may have been a potential flooring effect in which there was less room to demonstrate improvement in symptom reduction.

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Darius Tandon, PhD
• Organization: Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

dtandon@northwestern.edu

410-852-0399

Study Officials

• Darius Tandon, PhD

  Northwestern University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: FACTORIAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 29, 2016
• First Posted: December 1, 2016
• Study Start: August 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: August 5, 2019
• Study Completion: August 13, 2020
• Last Updated: October 5, 2020
• Results First Posted: April 13, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)