Thiopurine EnhAnced Maintenance Therapy

NCT02912676 | Completed Phase 1 DMC

• 1 other identifier: Rigshospitalet - TEAM
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 30
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 4

Brief Summary

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent cancer in children. The survival rate has improved significantly during the last decades, but the treatment still fails to cure 15 % of the patients. Within the Nordic/Baltic countries, children are treated according to the same protocol, i.e. NOPHO ALL-2008 protocol. Children and adolescents with Lymphoblastic Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (LBL) are treated in accordance with the EURO-LB 02 protocol, whereas adults with Lymphoblastic Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Denmark are commonly treated in accordance with the NOPHO ALL-2008 protocol. The longest treatment phase in both protocols is maintenance therapy, which is composed of 6-Mercaptopurine (6MP) and Methotrexate (MTX). The cytotoxic property of 6MP relies upon conversion of 6MP into thioguanine nucleotides (TGN), which can be incorporated into DNA instead of guanine or adenine. This incorporation can cause nucleotide mismatching and cause cell death second to repetitive activation of the mismatch repair system. At Rigshospitalet investigators have developed pharmacological methods able to measure the incorporation of TGN into DNA (DNA-TGN). In a Nordic/Baltic study the investigators have demonstrated higher levels of DNA-TGN during maintenance therapy in children with ALL that do not develop relapse (Nielsen et al. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Apr;18(4)). Preliminary studies indicate that the best approach to obtain DNA-TGN within a target range could be a combination of 6MP, MTX and 6-thioguanine (6TG), as 6TG more readily can be converted into TGN. This study aims to explore if individual dose titration of 6TG added to 6MP/MTX therapy can achieve DNA-TGN levels above a set target above 500 fmol/µg DNA, and thus can be integrated into future ALL and LBL treatment strategies to reduce relapse rates in ALL and LBL. The investigators plan to include 30 patients, and A) give incremental doses of 6TG until a mean DNA-TGN level above 500 fmol/µg DNA is obtained; and B) analyze the changes in DNA-TGN as well as cytosol levels of TGN and methylated 6MP metabolites (the latter inhibits purine de novo synthesis and thus enhance DNA-TGN incorporation), and C) occurrence of bone-marrow and liver toxicities during 6TG/6MP/MTX therapy.

Conditions

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Keywords

Cancer; Thioguanine; Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; 6 Mercaptopurine; Maintenance Therapy of Leukemia; Denmark; Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Obtaining a stable mean DNA-TGN level > 500 fmol/microgram DNA after addition of 6TG. DNA-TGN calculated as a 4 weeks mean (maximum 6TG dose 12.5 mg/m.xq.).

  After incremental doses in steps of 2.5 mg/m.sq. of 6-thioguanine at 2 weeks intervals up to a maximum dose of 12.5 mg/m.sq. or a dose-limiting toxicity occur or a mean DNA-TGN level above 500 fmol/microgram DNA is obtained. Maximum dose is expected to be reached within 10-12 weeks

  From initiation of 6-thioguanine therapy until completion of ALL/LBL therapy

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Erythrocyte 6MP cytosol metabolite levels

  From initiation of 6-thioguanine therapy until completion of ALL/LBL therapy

• Myelotoxicity

  From initiation of 6-thioguanine therapy until completion of ALL/LBL therapy

• Severe hepatotoxicity including sinusoidal obstruction syndrome

  From initiation of 6-thioguanine therapy until completion of ALL/LBL therapy

Study Arms (1)

6TG/6MP/MTX

EXPERIMENTAL

Single arm feasibility study aiming to demonstrate the applicability of combining incremental doses of oral 6-Thioguanine with oral daily 6-Mercaptopurine and oral weekly Methotrexate in order to achieve mean levels of DNA-TG above 500 fmol/mikrogram DNA.

Drug: Thioguanine (oral)

Interventions

Thioguanine (oral) DRUG

Addition of incremental doses of oral Thioguanine to oral daily 6-mercaptopurine and oral weekly methotrexate maintenance therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoblastic Lymphoma. Oral 6-thioguanine is added at a starting dose of 2.5 mg/m.sq. with dose increments of 2.5 mg/m.sq. at two weeks intervals until a maximum dose of 12.5 mg/m.sq. of 6-thioguanine is given or dose-limiting toxicity occurs.

Also known as: 6-mercaptopurine (oral), Methotrexate (oral)

6TG/6MP/MTX

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 6 Months - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may not qualify if:

• Patients with ALL and a minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative bone-marrow at treatment day 29 (counted from diagnosis)-since these patients have an excellent prognosis on current therapy, and DNA-TG has not been associated with risk of relapse for these patients
• \. DNA-TG \> 1,500 fmol/μg DNA due to (i) a potential association with toxicity (although not shown so far), and (ii) the lack of evidence regarding an association between reduced relapse rates and such high DNA-TG levels. If DNA-TG subsequently fell below 1,500 fmol/μg DNA, the patient would be eligible for TEAM.
• Any clinical suspicion of relapse or disease progression on routine imaging or in laboratory results.
• Previous sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) / veno-occlusive disease (VOD).
• Allergic hypersensitivity towards any ingredients in the three medicinal products used in the study.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Kjeld Schmiegelow: lead
• Danish Child Cancer Foundation: collaborator
• Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology: collaborator

Study Sites (4)

Aarhus University Hospital Skejby

Skejby, Aarhus, 8200, Denmark

Location

Odense University Hospital, Dept. Pediatric Oncology

Odense, Odense C, 5000, Denmark

Location

Department of Pediatrics, Rigshospitalet

Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark

Location

Rigshospitalet, Department of Hematology

Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark

Location

Related Publications (22)

• Gustafsson G, Schmiegelow K, Forestier E, Clausen N, Glomstein A, Jonmundsson G, Mellander L, Makipernaa A, Nygaard R, Saarinen-Pihkala UM. Improving outcome through two decades in childhood ALL in the Nordic countries: the impact of high-dose methotrexate in the reduction of CNS irradiation. Nordic Society of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO). Leukemia. 2000 Dec;14(12):2267-75. doi: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401961.

  PMID: 11187918 BACKGROUND

• Schmiegelow K, Forestier E, Hellebostad M, Heyman M, Kristinsson J, Soderhall S, Taskinen M; Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. Long-term results of NOPHO ALL-92 and ALL-2000 studies of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2010 Feb;24(2):345-54. doi: 10.1038/leu.2009.251. Epub 2009 Dec 10.

  PMID: 20010622 BACKGROUND

• Pui CH, Campana D, Evans WE. Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia--current status and future perspectives. Lancet Oncol. 2001 Oct;2(10):597-607. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00516-2.

  PMID: 11902549 BACKGROUND

• Schmiegelow K, Nielsen SN, Frandsen TL, Nersting J. Mercaptopurine/Methotrexate maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical facts and fiction. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2014 Oct;36(7):503-17. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000206.

  PMID: 24936744 BACKGROUND

• Relling MV, Hancock ML, Boyett JM, Pui CH, Evans WE. Prognostic importance of 6-mercaptopurine dose intensity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1999 May 1;93(9):2817-23.

  PMID: 10216075 BACKGROUND

• Schmiegelow K, Schroder H, Gustafsson G, Kristinsson J, Glomstein A, Salmi T, Wranne L. Risk of relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is related to RBC methotrexate and mercaptopurine metabolites during maintenance chemotherapy. Nordic Society for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Feb;13(2):345-51. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.2.345.

  PMID: 7531219 BACKGROUND

• Schmiegelow K, Forestier E, Kristinsson J, Soderhall S, Vettenranta K, Weinshilboum R, Wesenberg F; Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology. Thiopurine methyltransferase activity is related to the risk of relapse of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the NOPHO ALL-92 study. Leukemia. 2009 Mar;23(3):557-64. doi: 10.1038/leu.2008.316. Epub 2008 Nov 6.

  PMID: 18987654 BACKGROUND

• Cooper SL, Brown PA. Treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015 Feb;62(1):61-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2014.09.006. Epub 2014 Oct 18.

  PMID: 25435112 BACKGROUND

• Hunger SP, Winick NJ, Sather HN, Carroll WL. Therapy of low-risk subsets of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: when do we say enough? Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005 Dec;45(7):876-80. doi: 10.1002/pbc.20501. No abstract available.

  PMID: 16007585 BACKGROUND

• Karran P, Attard N. Thiopurines in current medical practice: molecular mechanisms and contributions to therapy-related cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Jan;8(1):24-36. doi: 10.1038/nrc2292.

  PMID: 18097462 BACKGROUND

• Hedeland RL, Hvidt K, Nersting J, Rosthoj S, Dalhoff K, Lausen B, Schmiegelow K. DNA incorporation of 6-thioguanine nucleotides during maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;66(3):485-91. doi: 10.1007/s00280-009-1184-5. Epub 2009 Dec 3.

  PMID: 19956952 BACKGROUND

• Ebbesen MS, Nersting J, Jacobsen JH, Frandsen TL, Vettenranta K, Abramsson J, Wesenberg F, Schmiegelow K. Incorporation of 6-thioguanine nucleotides into DNA during maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia-the influence of thiopurine methyltransferase genotypes. J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Jun;53(6):670-4. doi: 10.1002/jcph.81. Epub 2013 Apr 15. No abstract available.

  PMID: 23585236 BACKGROUND

• Jacobsen JH, Schmiegelow K, Nersting J. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification of 6-thioguanine in DNA using endogenous guanine as internal standard. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2012 Jan 15;881-882:115-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.032. Epub 2011 Nov 28.

  PMID: 22178190 BACKGROUND

• Erb N, Harms DO, Janka-Schaub G. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of thiopurines in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving 6-thioguanine versus 6-mercaptopurine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1998;42(4):266-72. doi: 10.1007/s002800050816.

  PMID: 9744770 BACKGROUND

• Schmiegelow K, Bjork O, Glomstein A, Gustafsson G, Keiding N, Kristinsson J, Makipernaa A, Rosthoj S, Szumlanski C, Sorensen TM, Weinshilboum R. Intensification of mercaptopurine/methotrexate maintenance chemotherapy may increase the risk of relapse for some children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Apr 1;21(7):1332-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2003.04.039.

  PMID: 12663723 BACKGROUND

• Nygaard U, Toft N, Schmiegelow K. Methylated metabolites of 6-mercaptopurine are associated with hepatotoxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Apr;75(4):274-81. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.12.001.

  PMID: 15060506 BACKGROUND

• Nielsen SN, Frandsen TL, Nersting J, Hjalgrim LL, Schmiegelow K. Pharmacokinetics of 6-Thioguanine and 6-Mercaptopurine Combination Maintenance Therapy of Childhood ALL: Hypothesis and Case Report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015 Apr;37(3):e206-9. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000246.

  PMID: 25171455 BACKGROUND

• Escherich G, Richards S, Stork LC, Vora AJ; Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Collaborative Group (CALLCG). Meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing thiopurines in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukemia. 2011 Jun;25(6):953-9. doi: 10.1038/leu.2011.37. Epub 2011 Mar 4.

  PMID: 21372841 BACKGROUND

• Stork LC, Matloub Y, Broxson E, La M, Yanofsky R, Sather H, Hutchinson R, Heerema NA, Sorrell AD, Masterson M, Bleyer A, Gaynon PS. Oral 6-mercaptopurine versus oral 6-thioguanine and veno-occlusive disease in children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: report of the Children's Oncology Group CCG-1952 clinical trial. Blood. 2010 Apr 8;115(14):2740-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-230656. Epub 2010 Feb 1.

  PMID: 20124218 BACKGROUND

• Lancaster DL, Lennard L, Rowland K, Vora AJ, Lilleyman JS. Thioguanine versus mercaptopurine for therapy of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a comparison of haematological toxicity and drug metabolite concentrations. Br J Haematol. 1998 Jul;102(2):439-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00812.x.

  PMID: 9695957 BACKGROUND

• Nielsen SN, Grell K, Nersting J, Frandsen TL, Hjalgrim LL, Schmiegelow K. Measures of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate maintenance therapy intensity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2016 Nov;78(5):983-994. doi: 10.1007/s00280-016-3151-2. Epub 2016 Sep 6.

  PMID: 27600880 BACKGROUND

• Nielsen SN, Grell K, Nersting J, Abrahamsson J, Lund B, Kanerva J, Jonsson OG, Vaitkeviciene G, Pruunsild K, Hjalgrim LL, Schmiegelow K. DNA-thioguanine nucleotide concentration and relapse-free survival during maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (NOPHO ALL2008): a prospective substudy of a phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017 Apr;18(4):515-524. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30154-7. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

  PMID: 28258828 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Neoplasms

Interventions

Thioguanine; Mercaptopurine; Methotrexate

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Hematologic Diseases; Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Immune System Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Purines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfur Compounds; Organic Chemicals; Aminopterin; Pterins; Pteridines

Study Officials

• Kjeld Schmiegelow, Professor

  Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen

  STUDY CHAIR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 1
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 12, 2016
• First Posted: September 23, 2016
• Study Start: October 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: March 1, 2020
• Study Completion: April 1, 2020
• Last Updated: April 15, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share

Locations

DK (4)