Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Versus Placebo in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With Diet and Exercise Only
PIONEER 1
4 other identifiers
interventional
703
11 countries
105
Brief Summary
This trial is conducted globally. The aim of this trial is to investigate efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide versus placebo in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with diet and exercise only.
Trial Health
Trial Health Score
Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach
participants targeted
Target at P75+ for phase_3 diabetes
Started Sep 2016
105 active sites
Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.
Trial Relationships
Click on a node to explore related trials.
Study Timeline
Key milestones and dates
First Submitted
Initial submission to the registry
September 15, 2016
CompletedFirst Posted
Study publicly available on registry
September 20, 2016
CompletedStudy Start
First participant enrolled
September 20, 2016
CompletedPrimary Completion
Last participant's last visit for primary outcome
October 30, 2017
CompletedStudy Completion
Last participant's last visit for all outcomes
December 8, 2017
CompletedResults Posted
Study results publicly available
February 17, 2020
CompletedJuly 20, 2022
July 1, 2022
1.1 years
September 15, 2016
October 15, 2019
July 11, 2022
Conditions
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcomes (1)
Change in HbA1c
Change from baseline (week 0) to week 26 in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The endpoint was evaluated based on data from the in-trial observation period. The in-trial observation period - time period from when a subject was randomised until the final scheduled visit, including any period after initiation of rescue medication or premature discontinuation of trial product. The primary endpoint was also analysed based on data from the on-treatment without rescue medication observation period. The on-treatment without rescue medication observation period - time period when a subject was on treatment with trial product, excluding any period after initiation of rescue medication.
Week 0, week 26
Secondary Outcomes (47)
Change in Body Weight (kg)
Week 0, week 26
Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose
Week 0, week 26
Change in Mean 7-point SMPG Profile
Week 0, week 26
Change in Mean Postprandial Increment Over All Meals in SMPG
Week 0, week 26
Change in Fasting Insulin - Ratio to Baseline
Week 0, week 26
- +42 more secondary outcomes
Study Arms (4)
3 mg oral semaglutide
EXPERIMENTAL7 mg oral semaglutide
EXPERIMENTAL14 mg oral semaglutide
EXPERIMENTALPlacebo
PLACEBO COMPARATORInterventions
Oral administration once daily.
Eligibility Criteria
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Sponsors & Collaborators
- Novo Nordisk A/Slead
Study Sites (105)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Lancaster, California, 93534, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Los Angeles, California, 90057, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Montclair, California, 91763, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
North Hollywood, California, 91606, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Riverside, California, 92506, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
San Diego, California, 92111, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
San Jose, California, 95148, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
San Mateo, California, 94401, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Doral, Florida, 33166, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Hialeah, Florida, 33012, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Miami, Florida, 33143, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Miami, Florida, 33173, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Miami, Florida, 33186, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Palm Harbor, Florida, 34684-3609, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Pembroke Pines, Florida, 33026, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Port Charlotte, Florida, 33952, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Spring Hill, Florida, 34609, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Tampa, Florida, 33607, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Woodstock, Georgia, 30189-4255, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96814, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Blackfoot, Idaho, 83221, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Nampa, Idaho, 83686-6011, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Skokie, Illinois, 60077, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Muncie, Indiana, 47304, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Louisville, Kentucky, 40213, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Metairie, Louisiana, 70002, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Hyattsville, Maryland, 20782, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Kalamazoo, Michigan, 49009, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Rochester, Michigan, 48307, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Troy, Michigan, 48098, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Elkhorn, Nebraska, 68022, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Brooklyn, New York, 11215, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
West Seneca, New York, 14224, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Asheboro, North Carolina, 27203, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Charlotte, North Carolina, 28277, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Greensboro, North Carolina, 27408, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Fargo, North Dakota, 58104, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45255, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Willoughby Hills, Ohio, 44094, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Norman, Oklahoma, 73069, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73112, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Spartanburg, South Carolina, 29303, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Dallas, Texas, 75230, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Houston, Texas, 77058, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Mesquite, Texas, 75149, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
San Antonio, Texas, 78215, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
San Antonio, Texas, 78224, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
San Antonio, Texas, 78228-3419, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
San Antonio, Texas, 78230, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Sugar Land, Texas, 77479, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Waco, Texas, 76710, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Bountiful, Utah, 84010, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Norfolk, Virginia, 23510-2015, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Richmond, Virginia, 23219, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Salem, Virginia, 24153-6404, United States
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Algiers, 16000, Algeria
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Algiers, 16003, Algeria
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Algiers, 16049, Algeria
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Algiers, Algeria
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Sofia, 1233, Bulgaria
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Broumov, 550 01, Czechia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Chrudim, 537 01, Czechia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Mladá Boleslav, 293 50, Czechia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Olomouc, 77900, Czechia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Prague, 11694, Czechia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Como, 22042, Italy
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Palermo, 90129, Italy
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Pisa, 56124, Italy
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Rome, 00168, Italy
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Siena, 53100, Italy
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0853, Japan
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Tokyo, 103-0028, Japan
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Tokyo, 104-0031, Japan
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Tokyo, 160-0008, Japan
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Ciudad Madero, Tamaulipas, 89440, Mexico
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Aguascalientes, 20230, Mexico
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Târgovişte, Dâmbovița County, 130086, Romania
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Târgovişte, Dâmbovița County, 130095, Romania
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Ploieşti, Prahova, 100018, Romania
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Bucharest, 010825, Romania
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Bucharest, 011234, Romania
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Dzerzhinskiy, 140091, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Kazan', 420073, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Novosibirsk, 630099, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Saint Petersburg, 194358, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Saint Petersburg, 199226, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Voronezh, 394018, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Yaroslavl, 150003, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Yoshkar-Ola, 424004, Russia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Adana, 01250, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34096, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34147, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34303, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34371, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34400, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34718, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34722, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, 34752, Turkey (Türkiye)
Novo Nordisk Investigational Site
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Related Publications (10)
Kolotkin RL, Williams VSL, Ervin CM, Williams N, Meincke HH, Qin S, von Huth Smith L, Fehnel SE. Validation of a new measure of quality of life in obesity trials: Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite Clinical Trials Version. Clin Obes. 2019 Jun;9(3):e12310. doi: 10.1111/cob.12310. Epub 2019 Apr 16.
PMID: 30993900BACKGROUNDAroda VR, Saugstrup T, Buse JB, Donsmark M, Zacho J, Davies MJ. Incorporating and interpreting regulatory guidance on estimands in diabetes clinical trials: The PIONEER 1 randomized clinical trial as an example. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019 Oct;21(10):2203-2210. doi: 10.1111/dom.13804. Epub 2019 Jun 30.
PMID: 31168921BACKGROUNDAroda VR, Rosenstock J, Terauchi Y, Altuntas Y, Lalic NM, Morales Villegas EC, Jeppesen OK, Christiansen E, Hertz CL, Haluzik M; PIONEER 1 Investigators. PIONEER 1: Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Semaglutide Monotherapy in Comparison With Placebo in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019 Sep;42(9):1724-1732. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0749. Epub 2019 Jun 11.
PMID: 31186300RESULTAraki E, Terauchi Y, Watada H, Deenadayalan S, Christiansen E, Horio H, Kadowaki T. Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc subgroup analysis of the PIONEER 1, 3, 4 and 8 trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Dec;23(12):2785-2794. doi: 10.1111/dom.14536. Epub 2021 Sep 27.
PMID: 34472698RESULTAroda VR, Bauer R, Christiansen E, Haluzik M, Kallenbach K, Montanya E, Rosenstock J, Meier JJ. Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide by subgroups of patient characteristics in the PIONEER phase 3 programme. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022 Jul;24(7):1338-1350. doi: 10.1111/dom.14710. Epub 2022 May 9.
PMID: 35373893RESULTGorst-Rasmussen A, Tarp-Johansen MJ. Fast tipping point sensitivity analyses in clinical trials with missing continuous outcomes under multiple imputation. J Biopharm Stat. 2022 Nov 2;32(6):942-953. doi: 10.1080/10543406.2022.2058525. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
PMID: 35653556RESULTMosenzon O, Capehorn MS, De Remigis A, Rasmussen S, Weimers P, Rosenstock J. Impact of semaglutide on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: exploratory patient-level analyses of SUSTAIN and PIONEER randomized clinical trials. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Sep 2;21(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01585-7.
PMID: 36056351DERIVEDHusain M, Bain SC, Holst AG, Mark T, Rasmussen S, Lingvay I. Effects of semaglutide on risk of cardiovascular events across a continuum of cardiovascular risk: combined post hoc analysis of the SUSTAIN and PIONEER trials. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Sep 30;19(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01106-4.
PMID: 32998732DERIVEDThethi TK, Pratley R, Meier JJ. Efficacy, safety and cardiovascular outcomes of once-daily oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: The PIONEER programme. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020 Aug;22(8):1263-1277. doi: 10.1111/dom.14054. Epub 2020 May 13.
PMID: 32267058DERIVEDHusain M, Bain SC, Jeppesen OK, Lingvay I, Sorrig R, Treppendahl MB, Vilsboll T. Semaglutide (SUSTAIN and PIONEER) reduces cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes across varying cardiovascular risk. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020 Mar;22(3):442-451. doi: 10.1111/dom.13955. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
PMID: 31903692DERIVED
Related Links
MeSH Terms
Conditions
Interventions
Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)
Results Point of Contact
- Title
- Clinical Reporting Anchor and Disclosure (1452)
- Organization
- Novo Nordisk A/S
Study Officials
- STUDY DIRECTOR
Global Clinical Registry (GCR, 1452)
Novo Nordisk A/S
Publication Agreements
- PI is Sponsor Employee
- No
- Restriction Type
- OTHER
- Restrictive Agreement
- Yes
Study Design
- Study Type
- interventional
- Phase
- phase 3
- Allocation
- RANDOMIZED
- Masking
- DOUBLE
- Who Masked
- PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
- Purpose
- TREATMENT
- Intervention Model
- PARALLEL
- Sponsor Type
- INDUSTRY
- Responsible Party
- SPONSOR
Study Record Dates
First Submitted
September 15, 2016
First Posted
September 20, 2016
Study Start
September 20, 2016
Primary Completion
October 30, 2017
Study Completion
December 8, 2017
Last Updated
July 20, 2022
Results First Posted
February 17, 2020
Record last verified: 2022-07
Data Sharing
- IPD Sharing
- Will share
According to the Novo Nordisk disclosure commitment on novonordisk-trials.com