Meta-analyses of Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Obesity

NCT02558920 | Unknown

• 1 other identifier: ASN-Sugars 2015
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 1
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Sugars have been implicated in the epidemics of overweight and obesity. This view is supported by lower quality evidence from ecological observations, animal models, and select human trials. Higher level evidence from controlled trials and prospective cohort studies has been inconclusive. Whether sugars contribute to weight gain or increases in adiposity independent of their calories and whether important food sources of sugars other than SSBs are associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity or weight gain remain unclear. To address the uncertainties, the investigators propose to conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the totality of the evidence from controlled trials and prospective cohort studies to distinguish the contribution of fructose-containing sugars and important food sources of sugars (SSBs, fruit, 100% fruit juice, cakes/sweets, yogurt, cereals, etc) from that of energy in the development of overweight and obesity. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing evidence-based guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovation, and guiding future research design

Conditions

Body Weight; Obesity; Overweight; Adiposity; Obesity, Abdominal

Keywords

Systematic review and meta-analysis; Evidence-based medicine (EBM); Evidence-based nutrition (EBN); Clinical practice guidelines; Clinical trials; Dietary sugars; Fructose; Sucrose; High fructose corn syrup; Isocaloric; Hypercaloric; Body weight; Prospective cohort studies

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Incident overweight or obesity (prospective cohort studies)

  Incident overweight or obesity

  Up to 20 years

• Body weight (controlled trials)

  Body weight

  Up to 20 years

Secondary Outcomes (6)

• Global measures of adiposity with established clinical relevance - body weight (prospective cohort studies)

  Up to 20 years

• Global measures of adiposity with established clinical relevance - BMI (prospective cohort studies and controlled trials)

  Up to 20 years

• Global measures of adiposity with established clinical relevance - body fat (prospective cohort studies and controlled trials)

  Up to 20 years

• Abdominal measures of adiposity with established clinical relevance - waist circumference (prospective cohort studies and controlled trials)

  Up to 20 years

• Abdominal measures of adiposity with established clinical relevance - waist-to-hip ratio (prospective cohort studies and controlled trials)

  Up to 20 years

Interventions

Fructose-containing Sugars OTHER

An intervention in which calories from food sources of fructose-containing sugars are substituted, added, subtracted, or replaced ad libitum in the diet

Also known as: fructose, sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

All individuals, both children and adults, regardless of health status.

You may qualify if:

• Randomized and non-randomized controlled intervention studies in humans
• Oral fructose-containing sugars intervention
• Presence of a reduced fructose-containing sugars comparator in one of 4 energy controlled designs (substitution, addition, subtraction, or ad libitum)
• Diet duration \>=2 weeks
• Viable outcome data
• Prospective cohort studies
• Duration \>= 1 year
• Assessment of the exposure of food sources of fructose-containing sugars
• Ascertainment of viable outcome data by level of exposure

You may not qualify if:

• Observational studies or intervention studies with no control group
• IV or parenteral fructose-containing sugars intervention
• Lack of an adequate comparator (i.e. lack of a difference (\<5 g) in fructose-containing sugars between the intervention and control diets)
• Ecological, cross-sectional, or retrospective observational studies
• Intervention studies

Sponsors & Collaborators

• John Sievenpiper: lead
• American Society for Nutrition: collaborator
• The Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation: collaborator
• Canadian Diabetes Association: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

The Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, M5C 2T2, Canada

Location

Related Publications (4)

• Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Mirrahimi A, Yu ME, Carleton AJ, Beyene J, Chiavaroli L, Di Buono M, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Wolever TM, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ. Effect of fructose on body weight in controlled feeding trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2012 Feb 21;156(4):291-304. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00007.

  PMID: 22351714 BACKGROUND

• Sievenpiper JL, de Souza RJ, Cozma AI, Chiavaroli L, Ha V, Mirrahimi A. Fructose vs. glucose and metabolism: do the metabolic differences matter? Curr Opin Lipidol. 2014 Feb;25(1):8-19. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000042.

  PMID: 24370846 BACKGROUND

• Sievenpiper JL, Chiavaroli L, de Souza RJ, Mirrahimi A, Cozma AI, Ha V, Wang DD, Yu ME, Carleton AJ, Beyene J, Di Buono M, Jenkins AL, Leiter LA, Wolever TM, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ. 'Catalytic' doses of fructose may benefit glycaemic control without harming cardiometabolic risk factors: a small meta-analysis of randomised controlled feeding trials. Br J Nutr. 2012 Aug;108(3):418-23. doi: 10.1017/S000711451200013X. Epub 2012 Feb 21.

  PMID: 22354959 BACKGROUND

• Chiavaroli L, Cheung A, Ayoub-Charette S, Ahmed A, Lee D, Au-Yeung F, Qi X, Back S, McGlynn N, Ha V, Lai E, Khan TA, Blanco Mejia S, Zurbau A, Choo VL, de Souza RJ, Wolever TM, Leiter LA, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL. Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023 Apr;117(4):741-765. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.01.023. Epub 2023 Feb 23.

  PMID: 36842451 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Body Weight; Obesity; Overweight; Obesity, Abdominal

Interventions

Fructose; Sucrose; High Fructose Corn Syrup

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hexoses; Monosaccharides; Sugars; Carbohydrates; Ketoses; Disaccharides; Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides; Dietary Sugars; Dietary Carbohydrates; Nutritive Sweeteners; Sweetening Agents; Flavoring Agents; Food Additives; Food Ingredients; Specialty Uses of Chemicals; Chemical Actions and Uses; Food; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena; Food and Beverages

Study Officials

• John Sievenpiper, MD,PhD,FRCPC

  University of Toronto

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 15, 2015
• First Posted: September 24, 2015
• Study Start: September 4, 2018
• Primary Completion: January 1, 2020
• Study Completion: September 1, 2020
• Last Updated: January 15, 2019

Record last verified: 2018-12

Locations

CA (1)