Reduction of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in the Home Using Predictive Algorithms

NCT02438189 | Completed Results DMC

• 3 other identifiers: PHM2RFA-DK-08-0125R01DK085591-05
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 33
• Locations: 2 countries
• Sites: 3

Brief Summary

Objective: to gain experience with in-home use of a modified algorithm that will dose insulin to minimize projected hyperglycemia overnight in addition to suspending the pump if hypoglycemia is projected overnight and to obtain feasibility, safety, and initial efficacy data. Study Design: randomized controlled trial, with randomization on a night level within subject. Major Eligibility Criteria: clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, daily insulin therapy for at least one year and an insulin infusion pump for at least 6 months; 15.0 to \<46.0 years of age; HbA1c \< 10.0%; no DKA in last 6 months; no hypoglycemic seizure or loss of consciousness in last 6 months; Living with a significant other or family member ("companion") committed to participating in all study activities, and being present and available to provide assistance when the system is being used at night. Sample Size: 30 subjects. Study Duration and Visit Schedule: duration approximately 3 months, with preliminary run-in activities followed by up to 90 days spent in clinical trial phase of study; clinic visits at enrollment, following CGM and system assessment run-in phases, at start of clinical trial phase, at 21-day point of clinical trial phase, and after 42 nights of successful system use. Major Efficacy Outcomes:

• Primary: time in range (70-180 mg/dl, 3.9-10.0 mmol/L) overnight.
• Secondary: time spent in hypoglycemia (≤70 mg/dl, 3.9 mmol/L) and time spent in hyperglycemia (\>180 mg/dl, 10.0 mmol/L) overnight. Major Safety Outcomes: CGM measures of hypo- and hyperglycemia, including morning blood glucose and mean overnight sensor glucose; adverse events including severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis.

Conditions

Type 1 Diabetes

Keywords

Type 1 Diabetes; Hypoglycemia; Hyperglycemia; Artificial Pancreas

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Percent Time Spent 70-180 mg/dL

  Mean percent of time participant spent with glucose values 70-180 mg/dl, measured by continuous glucose monitor of each night

  Up to 42 nights

Secondary Outcomes (15)

• Mean Sensor Glucose

  Up to 42 nights

• Percent Time Spent <50 mg/dL (2.8 mmol/L)

  Up to 42 nights

• Percent of Time Spent <60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L)

  Up to 42 nights

• Percent Time Spent <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L)

  Up to 42 nights

• Percent Time Spent >180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L)

  Up to 42 nights

Study Arms (2)

Predictive Low Glucose Suspend (PLGS)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

A predictive hypoglycemia minimization algorithm ran and suspended the pump if the current sensor glucose was ≤70 mg/dL at any time or \<230 mg/dL and predicted to fall below 80 mg/dL in the next 50 minutes. Basal insulin was restored on the first sensor rise during insulin suspension, and suspension time could not exceed 120 minutes in a 150 minute window or a cumulative total of 180 minutes per night.

Device: Predictive Hypoglycemia Minimization Algorithm

Predictive Hyper/Hypo Minimizer (PHHM)

EXPERIMENTAL

A predictive hyperglycemia minimization algorithm ran actively on the study laptop during the night and delivered automated correction boluses when the estimated glucose was predicted to exceed 140 mg/dL. In addition, a predictive hypoglycemia minimization algorithm ran and suspended the pump if the current sensor glucose was ≤70 mg/dL at any time or \<230 mg/dL and predicted to fall below 80 mg/dL in the next 50 minutes.

Device: Predictive Hyperglycemia Minimization Algorithm; Device: Predictive Hypoglycemia Minimization Algorithm

Interventions

Predictive Hyperglycemia Minimization Algorithm DEVICE

A predictive hyperglycemia minimization algorithm designed to deliver automated correction boluses when the estimated glucose is predicted to exceed 140 mg/dL

Predictive Hyper/Hypo Minimizer (PHHM)

Predictive Hypoglycemia Minimization Algorithm DEVICE

A predictive hypoglycemia minimization designed to suspend the pump if the current sensor glucose is ≤70 mg/dL at any time or \<230 mg/dL and predicted to fall below 80 mg/dL in the next 50 minutes

Also known as: Predictive Low Glucose Suspension (PLGS)

Predictive Hyper/Hypo Minimizer (PHHM); Predictive Low Glucose Suspend (PLGS)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 15 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Clinical diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and using daily insulin therapy for at least one year and an insulin infusion pump for at least 6 months The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is based on the investigator's judgment; C peptide level and antibody determinations are not required.
• Age 15.0 to \<46.0 years
• HbA1c \<10.0%
• Measured with DCA2000 or equivalent device for assessing eligibility
• HbA1c measurements performed as part of usual clinical care within 2 weeks prior to obtaining informed consent for participation in the trial may be used.
• Uninterrupted internet access while study system is being used overnight and for upload of study data in the morning
• Living with a significant other or family member ("companion") committed to participating in all study activities, and being present and available to provide assistance when the system is being used at night
• An understanding of and willingness to follow the protocol and sign the informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• Diabetic ketoacidosis in the past 3 months
• Hypoglycemic seizure or loss of consciousness in the past 6 months
• History of seizure disorder (except for hypoglycemic seizure)
• History of any heart disease including coronary artery disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias
• Cystic fibrosis
• Current use of oral/inhaled glucocorticoids, beta-blockers or other medications, which in the judgment of the investigator would be a contraindication to participation in the study.
• History of ongoing renal disease (other than microalbuminuria). Creatinine level must have been obtained within the last year if subject has diabetes of \>10 years duration. If creatinine is \>1.5 mg/dL (132 µmol/L), the subject is excluded.
• Medical or psychiatric condition that in the judgment of the investigator might interfere with the completion of the protocol such as:
• Inpatient psychiatric treatment in the past 6 months
• Uncontrolled adrenal disorder
• Abuse of alcohol
• Pregnancy Negative urine pregnancy test required for females who have experienced menarche as well as agreement from subject and parent/guardian to use a form of contraception to prevent pregnancy while participant is in the study. Subjects who become pregnant will be discontinued from the study.
• Liver disease as defined by an ALT greater than 3 times the upper limit of normal

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Jaeb Center for Health Research: lead
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): collaborator

Study Sites (3)

Stanford University

Stanford, California, 94305, United States

Location

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes

Aurora, Colorado, 80045, United States

Location

St. Joseph's Health Care

London, Ontario, N6A4V2, Canada

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Spaic T, Driscoll M, Raghinaru D, Buckingham BA, Wilson DM, Clinton P, Chase HP, Maahs DM, Forlenza GP, Jost E, Hramiak I, Paul T, Bequette BW, Cameron F, Beck RW, Kollman C, Lum JW, Ly TT; In-Home Closed-Loop (IHCL) Study Group. Predictive Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia Minimization: In-Home Evaluation of Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy in Overnight Glucose Control in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017 Mar;40(3):359-366. doi: 10.2337/dc16-1794. Epub 2017 Jan 18.

  PMID: 28100606 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Hypoglycemia; Hyperglycemia

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Immune System Diseases

Results Point of Contact

• Title: John Lum
• Organization: Jaeb Center for Health Research

jlum@jaeb.org

8139758690

Study Officials

• Roy Beck, MD, PhD

  Jaeb Center for Health Research

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Bruce Buckingham, MD

  Stanford University

  STUDY CHAIR

• John Lum, MS

  Jaeb Center for Health Research

  STUDY DIRECTOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: TRIPLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR
• Masking Details: Night-level randomization occurs automatically by computer software with no explicit indication of current night's assignment. Participant or study staff may become unmasked by scrutinizing insulin delivery details during a given night.
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Model Details: Subjects are randomized on a per-night level for when the PHHM will be active or not.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 1, 2015
• First Posted: May 8, 2015
• Study Start: June 1, 2015
• Primary Completion: March 1, 2016
• Study Completion: March 1, 2016
• Last Updated: August 11, 2026
• Results First Posted: August 11, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Locations

US (2); CA (1)