NCT02377817

Brief Summary

Back and right-sided sleeping position in pregnant women has recently emerged as a potential risk factor for low birthweight (LBW) and stillbirth (SB) in the medical literature. Assuming that sleep position in pregnant women is modifiable, the same literature has indicated that this risk factor is modifiable; however, there is no evidence that this risk factor is truly modifiable. The proposed link between back and right-sided sleeping position in a pregnant woman and LBW and SB of her baby is multifactorial; however, it ultimately implicates the woman's body position in causing compression of one of the large veins that brings blood back to her heart. This compression, along with other factors relating to the woman, her placenta, and her developing fetus, may result in decreased blood flow (nutrition and oxygen) to her developing baby, which, depending on the extent and duration, could result in LBW or SB of her baby. If the back sleeping position during pregnancy has a causative role in LBW and subsequently SB, the literature indicates that up to 17% of LBW and consequently 26% of SB could potentially be prevented by changing position to avoid back sleep. Note that 20 million LBW and 2.6 million SB occur each year worldwide. Positional therapy (PT) is a safe and effective intervention for preventing people who snore or people who's breathing pauses during sleep from sleeping on their back - a position that makes their condition worse. The most basic form of PT modifies a person's sleeping position by either:

  • Preventing them from sleeping on their back through restricting their movement, or
  • Rather than restricting movement, significantly reducing the amount of time they spend sleeping on their back by applying pressure points to their body while they are on their back, which eventually causes them to shift into a different position and avoid lying on their back. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of a PT intervention to modify the position of pregnant women from their back and right side to their left side while they sleep in late pregnancy. This study will help determine whether this potential risk factor is modifiable by way of a PT intervention, and whether it is feasible to intervene to reduce or prevent back and right-sided position sleep in late pregnancy. Demonstrating that the sleeping position of pregnant women can be modified through use of a simple, inexpensive PT intervention may be one of the keys to achieving significant reductions in LBW and late SB rates in Canada and worldwide.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
23

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2016

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 17, 2015

Completed
15 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

March 4, 2015

Completed
1 year until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 15, 2016

Completed
11 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

January 28, 2017

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

January 28, 2017

Completed
3.2 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

April 2, 2020

Completed
Last Updated

April 2, 2020

Status Verified

March 1, 2020

Enrollment Period

11 months

First QC Date

February 17, 2015

Results QC Date

June 7, 2018

Last Update Submit

March 19, 2020

Conditions

Keywords

positional therapytennis ball techniquesleep in pregnancysupinepolysomnographysleep positionsupine position

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Percentage (%) of Sleep Time Supine

    Proportion of sleeping time spent in the supine position

    1 night (approximately 8 hours)

Secondary Outcomes (28)

  • Total Sleep Time

    1 night (approximately 8 hours)

  • Supine Sleep Time

    1 night (approximately 8 hours)

  • Left-lateral Sleep Time

    1 night (approximately 8 hours)

  • Right-lateral Sleep Time

    1 night (approximately 8 hours)

  • Percentage Sleep Left

    1 night (approximately 8 hours)

  • +23 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (2)

PrenaBelt on First Sleep Test Night

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will be randomized to treatment order: sham PrenaBelt on first night, then PrenaBelt on second night, or vice versa. This will avoid the potential impact of changes to sleep across the two nights resulting from familiarization with the polysomnography equipment, which could bias the results.

Device: PrenaBeltDevice: Sham PrenaBelt

Sham PrenaBelt on First Sleep Test Night

SHAM COMPARATOR

Participants will be randomized to treatment order: sham PrenaBelt on first night, then PrenaBelt on second night, or vice versa. This will avoid the potential impact of changes to sleep across the two nights resulting from familiarization with the polysomnography equipment, which could bias the results.

Device: PrenaBeltDevice: Sham PrenaBelt

Interventions

PrenaBeltDEVICE

The PrenaBelt is a belt-like, positional therapy (PT) device designed specifically for pregnant women. While the PrenaBelt does not prevent the user from lying on her back or right side during sleep, it is expected to significantly decrease the amount of time she spends in these two positions via the mechanism of PT. PT is a simple, non-invasive, inexpensive, long-established, safe, and effective intervention for preventing people with positional-dependent snoring or obstructive sleep apnea from sleeping on their back - a position that exacerbates their condition. The PrenaBelt is worn at the level of the waist. By virtue of its design and position on the user's body, the PrenaBelt affects subtle pressure points on the back and right side of the user when she lies on her back or right side, respectively, activating her body's natural mechanism to spontaneously reposition itself to relieve discomfort, thereby reducing the amount of time she remains on her back or right side.

PrenaBelt on First Sleep Test NightSham PrenaBelt on First Sleep Test Night

The Sham PrenaBelt and PrenaBelt are the same device except the plastic balls are removed from the Sham PrenaBelt so it cannot provide pressure points.

PrenaBelt on First Sleep Test NightSham PrenaBelt on First Sleep Test Night

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years+
Sexfemale
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • ≥18 years old
  • low-risk singleton pregnancy
  • in the last trimester of pregnancy (≥28 weeks of gestation)
  • residing in the Halifax Regional Municipality

You may not qualify if:

  • BMI ≥ 35 at booking (first antenatal appointment for current pregnancy)
  • pregnancy complicated by obstetric complications (hypertension \[pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension\], diabetes \[gestational or not\], or intra-uterine growth restriction \[\<10th %ile for growth\])
  • sleep complicated by medical conditions (known obstructive sleep apnea, known to get \<4 hours of sleep per night due to insomnia, or musculoskeletal disorder that prevents sleeping on a certain side \[e.g., arthritic shoulder\])
  • multiple pregnancy
  • known fetal abnormality
  • non-English speaking and reading

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

IWK Women's Health Centre

Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3K 6R8, Canada

Location

Related Publications (7)

  • Owusu JT, Anderson FJ, Coleman J, Oppong S, Seffah JD, Aikins A, O'Brien LM. Association of maternal sleep practices with pre-eclampsia, low birth weight, and stillbirth among Ghanaian women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2013 Jun;121(3):261-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.01.013. Epub 2013 Mar 15.

    PMID: 23507553BACKGROUND
  • Stacey T, Thompson JM, Mitchell EA, Ekeroma AJ, Zuccollo JM, McCowan LM. Association between maternal sleep practices and risk of late stillbirth: a case-control study. BMJ. 2011 Jun 14;342:d3403. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d3403.

    PMID: 21673002BACKGROUND
  • Gordon A, Raynes-Greenow C, Bond D, Morris J, Rawlinson W, Jeffery H. Sleep position, fetal growth restriction, and late-pregnancy stillbirth: the Sydney stillbirth study. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Feb;125(2):347-355. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000627.

    PMID: 25568999BACKGROUND
  • Platts J, Mitchell EA, Stacey T, Martin BL, Roberts D, McCowan L, Heazell AE. The Midland and North of England Stillbirth Study (MiNESS). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014 May 21;14:171. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-171.

    PMID: 24885461BACKGROUND
  • Warland J, Mitchell EA. A triple risk model for unexplained late stillbirth. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014 Apr 14;14:142. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-142.

    PMID: 24731396BACKGROUND
  • O'Brien LM, Warland J. Typical sleep positions in pregnant women. Early Hum Dev. 2014 Jun;90(6):315-7. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.03.001. Epub 2014 Mar 21.

    PMID: 24661447BACKGROUND
  • Kember AJ, Scott HM, O'Brien LM, Borazjani A, Butler MB, Wells JH, Isaac A, Chu K, Coleman J, Morrison DL. Modifying maternal sleep position in the third trimester of pregnancy with positional therapy: a randomised pilot trial. BMJ Open. 2018 Aug 29;8(8):e020256. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020256.

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

StillbirthFetal Growth RetardationFetal HypoxiaDeception

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Fetal DeathPregnancy ComplicationsFemale Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy ComplicationsUrogenital DiseasesDeathPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and SymptomsFetal DiseasesCongenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and AbnormalitiesGrowth DisordersHypoxiaSigns and Symptoms, RespiratorySigns and SymptomsSocial BehaviorBehavior

Limitations and Caveats

Performed in a controlled sleep laboratory setting over two nights; therefore, caution should be taken when extrapolating the results to the home setting and across the third trimester. Due to the small sample, may have been under-powered.

Results Point of Contact

Title
Dr. Allan Kember, Director of Programs
Organization
Global Innovations for Reproductive Health & Life

Study Officials

  • Heather Scott, MD FRCSC

    The IWK Health Centre

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
Medical Student

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 17, 2015

First Posted

March 4, 2015

Study Start

March 15, 2016

Primary Completion

January 28, 2017

Study Completion

January 28, 2017

Last Updated

April 2, 2020

Results First Posted

April 2, 2020

Record last verified: 2020-03

Locations