NCT02373592

Brief Summary

This study aims to implement daily temperature measurements of feet complemented by SMS and voice messaging to prevent diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at high risk of ulceration. Design: Physician-blinded, randomized, 18-month trial. Setting: Diabetes outpatient clinics from two public hospitals Population: Subjects will be eligible if they (1) have a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, (2) are between 18 - 80 years of age, (3) have a present dorsalis pedis pulse in both feet, (4) are in risk group 2 or 3 using the diabetic foot risk classification system as specified by the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot, (5) have an operating cell phone or a caregiver with an operating cell phone, and (6) have the ability to provide informed consent. Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that implementation of an enhanced intervention that combines daily temperature measurement for the reduction of diabetic foot ulcer with SMS and voice messaging will improve patient measurement compliance and reduce diabetic foot ulcers in a middle income country.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
172

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Sep 2015

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

2 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

February 20, 2015

Completed
7 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

February 27, 2015

Completed
6 months until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

September 1, 2015

Completed
2 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 1, 2017

Completed
1 month until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

October 1, 2017

Completed
Last Updated

December 15, 2017

Status Verified

August 1, 2017

Enrollment Period

2 years

First QC Date

February 20, 2015

Last Update Submit

December 13, 2017

Conditions

Keywords

Diabetic NeuropathiesThermometryDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Foot UlcerTelemedicine

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Foot ulceration

    The primary outcome is foot ulceration occurring at any point during the 12 month study duration. Foot ulceration will be defined using the American Diabetes Association criteria, which defines ulcers as any break in the cutaneous barrier; that usually extend through the full thickness of the dermis. There will be two ways of identifying if a patient has developed foot ulceration: (1) during the clinical evaluations done by a nurse every 2 months. (2) In addition to these bimonthly assessments, patients will be advised to make telephone calls to the study's nurse to report the presence of an ulcer, and he/she will be asked to go to the hospital for a face-to-face evaluation to be conducted by a masked nurse.

    18 months

Secondary Outcomes (5)

  • Adherence to daily temperature measurement

    18 months

  • Report of an alarm sign to the nurse

    18 months

  • Report of an alarm sign in the logbook

    18 months

  • Dose-response analysis of SMS and voice messaging

    18 months

  • Glycosilated hemoglobin control targets

    18 months

Other Outcomes (2)

  • Sub-group analyses, all participants

    18 months

  • Sub-group analyses, intervention group only

    18 months

Study Arms (2)

Thermometry-only group

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Subjects will be provided with a TempStat (foot thermometer), a device that captures a thermal image of feet. Some alarm signs have been pre-specified: 1) thermal image shows yellow spots in any area of feet for two consecutive days, 2) thermal image shows different colors in contralateral areas of the feet for two consecutive days or, 3) a dermal lesion. In any of these three scenarios, subjects will be instructed to contact the study nurse by phone. (See Detailed Description for more detail on the actions after an alarm sign has been observed)

Device: Thermometry

Thermometry plus SMS and voice messaging

EXPERIMENTAL

Thermometry-related intervention activities will be the same as those established for the thermometry-only group. In addition, this group will receive reminders to use the TempStat (two messages) and promote foot care (six messages). The content of these eight messages has been developed and validated through both SMS and voice messaging. During the first two weeks of the intervention, only reminders to use the TempStat will be sent, daily, Monday to Friday, both via SMS and voice messaging. Hereafter, for the remaining 76 weeks, patients will only receive two messages per week, one SMS and one voice message, alternating content (reminders to use TempStat and promotion of foot care).

Behavioral: SMS and voice messagingDevice: Thermometry

Interventions

This group will receive reminders to use the TempStat (two messages) and promote foot care (six messages). The content of these eight messages have been developed and validated their delivery through both, SMS and voice messaging. During the first two weeks of the intervention, only reminders to use the TempStat will be sent, daily, Monday to Friday, both via SMS and voice messaging. Hereafter, for the remaining 76 weeks, patients will only receive two messages per week, one SMS and one voice message, alternating content (reminders to use TempStat and promotion of foot care).

Thermometry plus SMS and voice messaging

Subjects will be provided with a TempStat (foot thermometer), a device that captures a thermal image of feet. (See Detailed description)

Thermometry plus SMS and voice messagingThermometry-only group

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 80 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Dorsalis pedis pulse in both feet.
  • In risk group 2 or 3 using the diabetic foot risk classification system as specified by the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot.
  • Operating cell phone or a caregiver with an operating cell phone.
  • Ability to provide informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

  • Current ulcers or open amputation sites.
  • Active osteoarthropathy
  • Severe peripheral vascular disease
  • Foot infection

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (2)

Hospital Cayetano Heredia

Lima, Lima 31, Peru

Location

Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza

Lima, Lima 5, Peru

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Lazo-Porras M, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Sacksteder KA, Gilman RH, Malaga G, Armstrong DG, Miranda JJ. Implementation of foot thermometry plus mHealth to prevent diabetic foot ulcers: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Apr 19;17(1):206. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1333-1.

    PMID: 27094007BACKGROUND
  • Lazo-Porras M, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Taype-Rondan A, Gilman RH, Malaga G, Manrique H, Neyra L, Calderon J, Pinto M, Armstrong DG, Montori VM, Miranda JJ. Foot thermometry with mHeath-based supplementation to prevent diabetic foot ulcers: A randomized controlled trial. Wellcome Open Res. 2020 Aug 28;5:23. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15531.2. eCollection 2020.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetic FootDiabetic NeuropathiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Foot Ulcer

Interventions

Spermine SynthaseThermometry

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetic AngiopathiesVascular DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesLeg UlcerSkin UlcerSkin DiseasesSkin and Connective Tissue DiseasesDiabetes ComplicationsDiabetes MellitusEndocrine System DiseasesPeripheral Nervous System DiseasesNeuromuscular DiseasesNervous System DiseasesGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesFoot Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Alkyl and Aryl TransferasesTransferasesEnzymesEnzymes and CoenzymesInvestigative Techniques

Study Officials

  • Jaime Miranda, MD, PhD

    Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Purpose
PREVENTION
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
PhD

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

February 20, 2015

First Posted

February 27, 2015

Study Start

September 1, 2015

Primary Completion

September 1, 2017

Study Completion

October 1, 2017

Last Updated

December 15, 2017

Record last verified: 2017-08

Locations