Delays to Influence Snack Choice

NCT02359916 | Completed Results

• 1 other identifier: 13012802
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 32,662
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The pervasiveness of high-calorie, nutrient-poor snacks in the environment is believed to have contributed to the epidemic levels of obesity and cardiometabolic disease in the U.S. This project tests whether a novel snack vending machine system that uses brief time delays to reduce the immediacy of reward from unhealthy snacks will improve the healthfulness of snack choices. If successful, this project will identify a new environmental intervention that could contribute substantially to obesity and cardiometabolic disease prevention efforts in schools, worksites, and other settings.

Conditions

Food Choice

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Proportion of Healthy Snacks Purchased

  For each experimental condition, we will calculate the proportion of healthy vs unhealthy snacks sold over 4 weeks.

  28 weeks per vending location

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Total Daily Vending Revenue in US$/Day

  Number of days per condition were as follows - Baseline: 119 days, Discount only: 59 days, Delay only: 68 days, Delay + Discount: 49 days, Tax only: 73 days, Delay + Tax: 60 days

Study Arms (7)

A

Snacks sold under equal pricing, no delays

B

Healthier snacks sold at 25% or $0.25 discount, no delays

Other: 25%/$0.25 discount on healthy snacks

C

Less healthy snacks sold at equal pricing with delays

Other: Time delays on delivery of less healthy snacks

D

Healthy snacks sold at 25% or $0.25 discount, plus delays on less healthy snacks

Other: Time delays on delivery of less healthy snacks; Other: 25%/$0.25 discount on healthy snacks

E

Less healthy snacks sold at 25% or $0.25 higher price, no delays

Other: 25%/$0.25 tax on less healthy snacks

F

Less healthy snacks sold at 25% or $0.25 higher price, plus delays

Other: Time delays on delivery of less healthy snacks; Other: 25%/$0.25 tax on less healthy snacks

G

Snacks sold under equal pricing, no delays

Interventions

Time delays on delivery of less healthy snacks OTHER

C; D; F

25%/$0.25 discount on healthy snacks OTHER

B; D

25%/$0.25 tax on less healthy snacks OTHER

E; F

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This is an environmental intervention. No subjects will be recruited or enrolled.

You may qualify if:

• Not applicable

You may not qualify if:

• Not applicable

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Rush University Medical Center: lead

Study Sites (1)

Rush University Medical Center

Chicago, Illinois, 60612, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Appelhans BM, French SA, Olinger T, Bogucki M, Janssen I, Avery-Mamer EF, Powell LM. Leveraging delay discounting for health: Can time delays influence food choice? Appetite. 2018 Jul 1;126:16-25. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.03.010. Epub 2018 Mar 15.

  PMID: 29551401 DERIVED

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Brad Appelhans, PhD (PI)
• Organization: Rush University Medical Center

brad_appelhans@rush.edu

312-942-3477

Study Officials

• Bradley M Appelhans, PhD

  Associate Professor

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: ECOLOGIC OR COMMUNITY
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 2, 2015
• First Posted: February 10, 2015
• Study Start: June 1, 2015
• Primary Completion: August 1, 2016
• Study Completion: August 1, 2016
• Last Updated: February 23, 2018
• Results First Posted: January 26, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-01

Locations

US (1)