NCT02339909

Brief Summary

This trial is a randomised controlled trial to assess whether annual attendance rates at diabetic eye screening appointments in Kensington, Chelsea and Westminster could be improved by offering invitees a small financial incentive. The research questions are:

  1. 1.Are incentives an effective strategy to encourage participation in the screening programme?
  2. 2.Does the design of the financial incentive scheme affect its effectiveness in influencing participation in health screening?
  3. 3.Does the choice of incentive scheme, if successful, attract patients who have a different demographic or socioeconomic status to those who attend screening regularly?
  4. 4.Is offering these incentives a cost-effective strategy for enhancing participation?

Trial Health

100
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
1,051

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable diabetes

Timeline
Completed

Started Mar 2015

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

December 15, 2014

Completed
1 month until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

January 16, 2015

Completed
1 month until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 1, 2015

Completed
9 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2015

Completed
7 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

July 1, 2016

Completed
2.3 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

October 26, 2018

Completed
Last Updated

October 19, 2023

Status Verified

October 1, 2023

Enrollment Period

9 months

First QC Date

December 15, 2014

Results QC Date

March 23, 2017

Last Update Submit

October 18, 2023

Conditions

Keywords

ScreeningIncentives

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Number of Patients Attending Screening Appointment

    The participants will be invited to a specific appointment between three months and one year from their previous missed appointment. The primary outcome refers to the number of participants who did attend their appointment.

    At designated appointment date (between three months and one year from previous missed appointment)

Secondary Outcomes (1)

  • Number of Patients Requiring Intervention After Sight Outcome From Diabetic Retinopathy Screening.

    Number of patients with additional management triggered as a result of test at designated screening appointment (between three months and one year)

Study Arms (3)

Control

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The intervention for the "Control" group consists of the standard invitation letter from the Screening service. (The trial is testing the impact of the different invitation letters on the primary outcome of screening attendance.)

Behavioral: Control

Fixed Incentive

EXPERIMENTAL

The intervention for the "fixed incentive" group consists of the standard invitation letter from the Screening service, with additional text offering a fixed financial incentive (£10) if they attend screening. (The trial is testing the impact of the different invitation letters on the primary outcome of screening attendance.)

Behavioral: Fixed financial incentive

Probabilistic Incentive

EXPERIMENTAL

The intervention for the "probabilistic incentive" group consists of the standard invitation letter from the Screening service, with additional text offering a probabilistic financial incentive (entry into a lottery offering at least a 1 in 100 chance to win £1000) if they attend screening. (The trial is testing the impact of the different invitation letters on the primary outcome of screening attendance.)

Behavioral: Probabilistic financial incentive

Interventions

Participants receiving the "fixed financial incentive" intervention will be sent a screening appointment letter offering them a fixed amount of £10 if they attend their screening appointment.

Fixed Incentive

Participants receiving the "probabilistic financial incentive" intervention will be sent a screening appointment letter offering them an entry into a lottery with at least a 1 in 100 chance of winning £1000 if they attend their screening appointment.

Also known as: Lottery to financial incentive
Probabilistic Incentive
ControlBEHAVIORAL

Participants receiving the "active comparator", (i.e. "control") intervention, will be sent the standard diabetic retinopathy screening appointment letter.

Control

Eligibility Criteria

Age16 Years+
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Diabetic patients who were invited to screening in the last 24 months on a yearly basis and failed to attend or contact the screening service to rearrange an appointment

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Related Publications (2)

  • Scanlon PH, Carter SC, Foy C, Husband RF, Abbas J, Bachmann MO. Diabetic retinopathy and socioeconomic deprivation in Gloucestershire. J Med Screen. 2008;15(3):118-21. doi: 10.1258/jms.2008.008013.

    PMID: 18927093BACKGROUND
  • Marteau TM, Ashcroft RE, Oliver A. Using financial incentives to achieve healthy behaviour. BMJ. 2009 Apr 9;338:b1415. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b1415. No abstract available.

    PMID: 19359291BACKGROUND

Related Links

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes MellitusDiabetic Retinopathy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Glucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesEndocrine System DiseasesRetinal DiseasesEye DiseasesDiabetic AngiopathiesVascular DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesDiabetes Complications

Results Point of Contact

Title
Colin Bicknell
Organization
Imperial College London

Study Officials

  • Colin Bicknell

    Imperial College London

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
SCREENING
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

December 15, 2014

First Posted

January 16, 2015

Study Start

March 1, 2015

Primary Completion

December 1, 2015

Study Completion

July 1, 2016

Last Updated

October 19, 2023

Results First Posted

October 26, 2018

Record last verified: 2023-10