NCT02276014

Brief Summary

Summary: Chronic intake of foods low in vitamin A (retinol) and provitamin A forming an unbalanced diet with little variety is common in young individuals in the United Kingdom (UK) population and can lead to subclinical micronutrient deficiency. Provitamin A sources such as β-carotene are cleaved centrally by the β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase (BCMO1) into retinal, the precursor of retinol. However, the amount of β-carotene and retinol produced after ingestion of β-carotene is highly variable between healthy individuals, with approximately 40% of the subjects being classified as low responders. Several stable isotope studies have shown a large disparity between the most efficient converters and the most inefficient converters of β-carotene with variations of up to 8-fold. It is possible that differences in β-carotene response may be due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in aspects of β-carotene conversion. Previous work has shown that carriers of both, the 379V and 267S+379V BCMO1 variant alleles had a reduced ability to convert β-carotene. More importantly, 44% of the western population have the 379V haplotype. A high percentage of the Western population may therefore not be able to achieve adequate vitamin A intake if dietary β-carotene is a major source of their vitamin A intake. This is of particular relevance to vegetarians, to young individuals aged 19-24 years who have lower intakes of preformed retinol than any other age group, and to pregnant women. The aim of this study is to establish whether the maximum recommended dose for β-carotene of 7mg/day by the British Expert Committee on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) can overcome the SNP effect in the BCMO1 enzyme. Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that the current maximum recommended intake of 7 mg of β-carotene per day cannot overcome the low convertor phenotype in BCMO1 to fulfill vitamin A requirements in these people.

Trial Health

87
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
85

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
Completed

Started Apr 2012

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

April 1, 2012

Completed
2.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

September 1, 2014

Completed
Same day until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

September 1, 2014

Completed
2 months until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

October 21, 2014

Completed
6 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

October 27, 2014

Completed
Last Updated

October 6, 2015

Status Verified

October 1, 2015

Enrollment Period

2.4 years

First QC Date

October 21, 2014

Last Update Submit

October 5, 2015

Conditions

Beta-carotene BioavailabilityVitamin A Deficiency

Keywords

Beta caroteneRetinol

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of beta-carotene

    Pharmacokinetic measures (0,1,4,36,46,57,60 days post-dose)

  • Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) of [13C]retinol

    Pharmacokinetic measures (0,1,2,3,4,8,10,22,36,46,57,58,59,60,64,66,78,92,113 days post-dose)

Study Arms (3)

Supplement A

OTHER

Beta-carotene 7mg formulation A

Dietary Supplement: Beta-carotene

Supplement B

OTHER

Beta-carotene 7mg formulation B

Dietary Supplement: Beta-carotene

Supplement C

OTHER

Beta-carotene 7mg formulation C

Dietary Supplement: Beta-carotene

Interventions

Beta-caroteneDIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Supplement ASupplement BSupplement C

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 45 Years
Sexfemale
Healthy VolunteersYes
Age GroupsAdult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Healthy individual.
  • Female.
  • Between 18 and 45 years of age.
  • Caucasian.
  • BMI between 18 and 30 kg/m2.
  • Subject willing and able to give written informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

  • Smoking.
  • Diabetes.
  • Gastrointestinal diseases.
  • Renal and hepatic diseases.
  • Hyperlipidaemia.
  • Preformed dietary retinol intake above 60% of reference nutrient intake (RNI) values.
  • Recreational drug use.
  • Multi-vitamin consumption.
  • Pregnancy.
  • Menopause.
  • Allergy or sensitivity to study products or ingredients.
  • Blood donation 3 months prior to screening.
  • Participation in other clinical study 4 weeks prior to study start.
  • Suspected inability or unwillingness to comply with study procedures.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Newcastle NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Royal Victoria Infirmary

Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, NE1 4LP, United Kingdom

Location

Related Publications (5)

  • Oxley A, Berry P, Taylor GA, Cowell J, Hall MJ, Hesketh J, Lietz G, Boddy AV. An LC/MS/MS method for stable isotope dilution studies of beta-carotene bioavailability, bioconversion, and vitamin A status in humans. J Lipid Res. 2014 Feb;55(2):319-28. doi: 10.1194/jlr.D040204. Epub 2013 Oct 24.

    PMID: 24158962BACKGROUND

  • Lietz G, Oxley A, Leung W, Hesketh J. Single nucleotide polymorphisms upstream from the beta-carotene 15,15'-monoxygenase gene influence provitamin A conversion efficiency in female volunteers. J Nutr. 2012 Jan;142(1):161S-5S. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.140756. Epub 2011 Nov 23.

    PMID: 22113863BACKGROUND

  • Grune T, Lietz G, Palou A, Ross AC, Stahl W, Tang G, Thurnham D, Yin SA, Biesalski HK. Beta-carotene is an important vitamin A source for humans. J Nutr. 2010 Dec;140(12):2268S-2285S. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.119024. Epub 2010 Oct 27.

    PMID: 20980645BACKGROUND

  • Leung WC, Hessel S, Meplan C, Flint J, Oberhauser V, Tourniaire F, Hesketh JE, von Lintig J, Lietz G. Two common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding beta-carotene 15,15'-monoxygenase alter beta-carotene metabolism in female volunteers. FASEB J. 2009 Apr;23(4):1041-53. doi: 10.1096/fj.08-121962. Epub 2008 Dec 22.

    PMID: 19103647BACKGROUND

  • Furr HC, Green MH, Haskell M, Mokhtar N, Nestel P, Newton S, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Tang G, Tanumihardjo S, Wasantwisut E. Stable isotope dilution techniques for assessing vitamin A status and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in humans. Public Health Nutr. 2005 Sep;8(6):596-607. doi: 10.1079/phn2004715.

    PMID: 16236189BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Vitamin A Deficiency

Interventions

beta Carotene

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

AvitaminosisDeficiency DiseasesMalnutritionNutrition DisordersNutritional and Metabolic Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

CarotenoidsPolyenesAlkenesHydrocarbons, AcyclicHydrocarbonsOrganic ChemicalsCyclohexenesCyclohexanesCycloparaffinsHydrocarbons, AlicyclicHydrocarbons, CyclicTerpenesPigments, BiologicalBiological Factors

Study Officials

  • Georg Lietz, PhD

    Newcastle University

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

October 21, 2014

First Posted

October 27, 2014

Study Start

April 1, 2012

Primary Completion

September 1, 2014

Study Completion

September 1, 2014

Last Updated

October 6, 2015

Record last verified: 2015-10

Locations

GB(1)