NCT02031978|UnknownResults
Feeding My Baby - A National WIC Study
Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) Infant-Toddler Feeding Practices Study - II (ITFPS-2)
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Women, Infant, and Children (WIC) Infant-Toddler Feeding Practices Study - II (ITFPS-2)
Sponsor study identifier
observational
4,367
0 countries
N/A
Study Start
July 2013
Date type not reportedThis date has not been verified as actual or estimated.
Primary Completion
July 2023
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Study Completion
September 2024
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
The goal of the study is to be a current examination of infant and toddler feeding practices among families receiving WIC services. It has been more than 10 years since the last study of such feeding practices, and in the interim important changes have taken place in the WIC program, in society, and in the science of nutrition. The study will include exploration of breastfeeding practices and support, more general feeding practices, nutritional intake of infants and toddlers, transitions in infant and toddler feeding practices, early precursors of obesity, and family factors that may influence all of these nutrition-related issues. It will also explore characteristics of the WIC program in selected sites, and how these relate to infant and toddler feeding decisions and practices. This study is important both to update knowledge about the WIC population, and to uncover possible new avenues of inquiry regarding early childhood obesity. Update on November 25, 2020: The WIC ITFPS-2 will now follow participants through child age 9 years. This unprecedented opportunity will provide FNS with a better understanding of the impact of WIC participation on health and nutrition outcomes in childhood.
Registry-reported information. Elapsed time and enrollment totals alone do not measure study progress or recruitment pace.
September 2024
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
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Dates and qualifiers reported by the registry. Estimated dates do not confirm that a milestone has occurred.
July 2013
Date type not reportedThis date has not been verified as actual or estimated.
January 7, 2014
Actual (reported)January 9, 2014
Actual (reported)June 10, 2021
Actual (reported)July 2023
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
September 2024
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Breastfeeding Initiation
Whether the mother initiated breastfeeding after child was born
first month after birth of child
The cohort is made up of infants. Pregnant women enrolling in WIC for the first time for that pregnancy and mothers/caregivers of infants younger than 2.5 months of age enrolling in WIC for the first time are recruited to participate.
The target study participant is the infant. Mothers will be recruited prenatally and mothers/primary caregivers of infants will be recruited postnatally at 80 WIC clinic service locations.
Au LE, Gurzo K, Paolicelli C, Whaley SE, Weinfield NS, Ritchie LD. Diet Quality of US Infants and Toddlers 7-24 Months Old in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. J Nutr. 2018 Nov 1;148(11):1786-1793. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy192.
Au LE, Paolicelli C, Gurzo K, Ritchie LD, Weinfield NS, Plank KR, Whaley SE. Contribution of WIC-Eligible Foods to the Overall Diet of 13- and 24-Month-Old Toddlers in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019 Mar;119(3):435-448. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.11.001. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
Courtney Paolicelli, DrPH
USDA Food and Nutrition Service
Christine Borger, PhD
Westat
Amanda Reat, PhD
USDA Food and Nutrition Service
4,367 participants (actual enrollment reported by the registry).
First Submitted
January 7, 2014
First Posted
January 9, 2014
Study Start
July 2013
Date type not reportedThis date has not been verified as actual or estimated.
New Chicco Bottles Study
Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.
Whaley SE, Martinez CE, Paolicelli C, Ritchie LD, Weinfield NS. Predictors of WIC Participation Through 2 Years of Age. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020 Jul;52(7):672-679. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.12.015. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
Gleason S, Wilkin MK, Sallack L, Whaley SE, Martinez C, Paolicelli C. Breastfeeding Duration Is Associated With WIC Site-Level Breastfeeding Support Practices. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2020 Jul;52(7):680-687. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.01.014. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Weinfield NS, Borger C, Gola AA. Breastfeeding Duration in a Low-Income Sample Is Associated With Child Diet Quality at Age Three. J Hum Lact. 2021 Feb;37(1):183-193. doi: 10.1177/0890334420903029. Epub 2020 Feb 24.
Weinfield NS, Borger C, Au LE, Whaley SE, Berman D, Ritchie LD. Longer Participation in WIC Is Associated with Better Diet Quality in 24-Month-Old Children. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2020 Jun;120(6):963-971. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.12.012. Epub 2020 Feb 14.
Hamner HC, Beauregard JL, Li R, Nelson JM, Perrine CG. Meeting breastfeeding intentions differ by race/ethnicity, Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. Matern Child Nutr. 2021 Apr;17(2):e13093. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13093. Epub 2020 Oct 1.
Anderson CE, Martinez CE, Ventura AK, Whaley SE. Potential overfeeding among formula fed Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children participants and associated factors. Pediatr Obes. 2020 Dec;15(12):e12687. doi: 10.1111/ijpo.12687. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Borger C, Paolicelli C, Ritchie L, Whaley SE, DeMatteis J, Sun B, Zimmerman TP, Reat A, Dixit-Joshi S. Shifts in Sources of Food but Stable Nutritional Outcomes among Children in the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 30;18(23):12626. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182312626.
Weinfield NS, Anderson CE. Postpartum Symptoms of Depression are Related to Infant Feeding Practices in a National WIC Sample. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2022 Feb;54(2):118-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.09.002. Epub 2021 Dec 18.
Thompson HR, Borger C, Paolicelli C, Whaley SE, Reat A, Ritchie L. The Relationship between Breastfeeding and Initial Vegetable Introduction with Vegetable Consumption in a National Cohort of Children Ages 1-5 Years from Low-Income Households. Nutrients. 2022 Apr 22;14(9):1740. doi: 10.3390/nu14091740.
Borger C, Paolicelli CP, Sun B. Duration of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Participation is Associated With Children's Diet Quality at Age 3 Years. Am J Prev Med. 2022 Jun;62(6):e343-e350. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.019. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
Bably MB, Paul R, Laditka SB, Racine EF. Factors Associated with the Initiation of Added Sugar among Low-Income Young Children Participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in the US. Nutrients. 2021 Oct 29;13(11):3888. doi: 10.3390/nu13113888.
Chaparro MP, Anderson CE. Differences in Early Childhood Dietary Behaviors by Infant Feeding Type and Sex. J Nutr. 2021 Jul 1;151(7):2001-2009. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab076.
Bably MB, Laditka SB, Paul R, Racine EF. Age of Bottle Cessation and BMI-for-Age Percentile among Children Aged Thirty-Six Months Participating in WIC. Child Obes. 2022 Apr;18(3):197-205. doi: 10.1089/chi.2021.0119. Epub 2021 Sep 22.
Beauregard JL, Nelson JM, Li R, Perrine CG, Hamner HC. Maternity Care Practices and Breastfeeding Intentions at One Month Among Low-Income Women. Pediatrics. 2022 Apr 1;149(4):e2021052561. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-052561.
Hamner HC, Chiang KV, Li R. Returning to Work and Breastfeeding Duration at 12 Months, WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. Breastfeed Med. 2021 Dec;16(12):956-964. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0081. Epub 2021 Jul 28.
Thompson IJB, Ritchie LD, Bradshaw PT, Mujahid MS, Au LE. Earlier Introduction to Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Associated With Lower Diet Quality Among WIC Children at Age 3 Years. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2021 Nov;53(11):912-920. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.04.468. Epub 2021 Jul 3.
Paolicelli C, Berman D, Owens T, Magness A, Scanlon KS. Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Patterns Among Women Enrolled in WIC: WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. Breastfeed Med. 2017 Oct;12(8):482-486. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2017.0118. Epub 2017 Aug 22. No abstract available.
Grau RC, Ritchie LD, Patel A, Thompson HR. Association of Milk Fat Intake on BMI Change and Nutrient Intake in WIC-Enrolled Toddlers. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2026 Mar;58(3):159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2025.08.002. Epub 2025 Nov 20.
Chaney AM, Arnold CD, Frongillo EA, Ritchie LD, Steele EM, Au LE. Infant diet quality index predicts nutrients of concern and ultra-processed food intake in low-income children in the United States. Curr Dev Nutr. 2024 Oct 18;8(11):104483. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104483. eCollection 2024 Nov.
Borger C, Weinfield NS, Paolicelli C, Sun B, May L. Prenatal and Postnatal Experiences Predict Breastfeeding Patterns in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2. Breastfeed Med. 2021 Nov;16(11):869-877. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0054. Epub 2021 Jul 15.
Harrison GG, Hirschman JD, Owens TA, McNutt SW, Sallack LE. WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study: protocol design and implementation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Mar;99(3):742S-6S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.073585. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
Primary Completion
July 2023
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Study Completion
September 2024
Estimated (date passed)This estimate has passed. The registry has not confirmed an actual date for this milestone.
Last Updated
June 9, 2022
Results First Posted
June 10, 2021
Record last verified: 2022-05
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