Sevelamer in Proteinuric CKD

NCT01968759 | Completed Phase 2

• 2 other identifiers: ANSWER2012-005416-26
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 53
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 2

Brief Summary

Progressive renal impairment in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) may cause inability to excrete phosphate load, thus leading to the typical abnormalities of the mineral metabolism, such as increased phosphate and reduced calcium levels, 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Treatment with vitamin D analogues and/or phosphate binders ameliorates these abnormalities that are also associated with accelerated renal disease progression and increased cardiovascular risk. However in a post-hoc analysis of 331 patients with proteinuric chronic nephropathies included in the Ramipril Efficacy In Nephropathy (REIN) trial, increasing serum phosphate levels at inclusion, even within the normal reference range, were associated with an incremental risk of progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Moreover, increasing levels of serum phosphate were associated with a progressively decreasing protective effect of ramipril therapy against progression to ESRD, to the point that the benefit of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme (ACE) inhibition was almost fully lost among patients with serum phosphate levels exceeding 4.5 mg/dL. This finding provided convincing evidence that phosphate plays a direct pathogenic role in patients with progressive nephropathies and that excess phosphate exposure may limit or even blunt the renoprotective effect of ACE inhibitor therapy in this population. Sevelamer carbonate is a newly approved phosphate binder for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients not yet on maintenance dialysis. Treatment with Sevelamer, in addition to correct hyperphosphatemia, was also found to ameliorate abnormalities of the mineral metabolism associated with accelerated renal disease progression and increased cardiovascular risk. Moreover, Sevelamer therapy reduces proteinuria in an animal model of uremia, an effect that in the long term might translate into significant renoprotection. These findings suggest that serum phosphate might be a specific target for renoprotective therapy in CKD patients and provide the background for randomized clinical trials to formally test whether reducing phosphate exposure by phosphate binding agents may serve to optimize the renoprotective effect of RAS inhibition in this population. Thus, whether phosphate reduction by Sevelamer carbonate therapy may have a specific antiproteinuric effect in humans with chronic nephropathies and residual proteinuria despite optimized RAS inhibitor therapy is worth investigating.

Conditions

Chronic Kidney Disease

Keywords

Chronic kidney disease; Sevelamer carbonate; Proteinuria; Phosphate binders

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• 24-h urinary protein excretion

  Changes from Baseline at 3,4,7 and 8 month.

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Office blood pressure

  At every visit, up to 8 months.

• Glomerular Filtration Rate

  Changes from baseline at 3,4 and 7 month.

Study Arms (2)

Ramipril and Irbesartan

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Best available therapy including dual RAS blockade with Ramipril and Irbesartan

Drug: Sevelamer; Drug: Ramipril and Irbesartan

Sevelamer

EXPERIMENTAL

Two tablets of Sevelamer carbonate 800 mg will be orally administered three times per day during the meals for 3 months.

Drug: Sevelamer; Drug: Ramipril and Irbesartan

Interventions

Sevelamer DRUG

Ramipril and Irbesartan; Sevelamer

Ramipril and Irbesartan DRUG

Ramipril and Irbesartan; Sevelamer

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• age \> 18 years;
• estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by simplified MDRD formula \> 15 mL/min/1.73m2;
• h urinary protein excretion rate ≥ 0.5 g/24hour;
• no concomitant treatment with phosphate binders;
• written informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• serum phosphate level \< 2.5 or \> 5.5 mg/dL;
• patients with serum PTH levels \>250 pg/mL without stable vitamin D (calcitriol or paricalcitol) or calcimimetics therapy from at least three months;
• serum calcium level \< 7.5 or \>10.5 mg/dL;
• history of congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident within the last 6 months;
• cancer and any severe systemic disease or clinical condition that may jeopardize data interpretation or completion of the study;
• presence of, or predisposition to, intestinal or ileus obstruction or severe gastrointestinal motility disorder (like severe constipation);
• previous major gastrointestinal surgery;
• previous kidney transplantation;
• previous parathyroidectomy;
• concomitant treatment with antiacid and phosphate binders with aluminium, magnesium, calcium or lanthanum;
• pregnancy or breastfeeding;
• childbearing potential without reliable contraceptive methods during the whole study period;
• participation in any clinical trial using an investigational product or device during the 30 days preceding the first protocol visit;
• alcohol or drug (excluding tobacco) abuse ;
• inability to comply with the study procedures during the whole study period, legal incapacity.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research: lead

Study Sites (2)

Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases

Ranica, Bergamo, 24020, Italy

Location

Azienda Ospedaliera "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli" c/o Ospedali Riuniti U.O. Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto

Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

Location

Related Publications (2)

• Natale P, Green SC, Ruospo M, Craig JC, Vecchio M, Elder GJ, Strippoli GF. Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025 Jun 27;6(6):CD006023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006023.pub4.

  PMID: 40576086 DERIVED

• Ruggiero B, Trillini M, Tartaglione L, Rotondi S, Perticucci E, Tripepi R, Aparicio C, Lecchi V, Perna A, Peraro F, Villa D, Ferrari S, Cannata A, Mazzaferro S, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Bellasi A, Cozzolino M, Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P, Kohan DE; ANSWER Study Organization. Effects of Sevelamer Carbonate in Patients With CKD and Proteinuria: The ANSWER Randomized Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019 Sep;74(3):338-350. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.029. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

  PMID: 31027883 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Proteinuria

Interventions

Sevelamer; Ramipril; Irbesartan

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Renal Insufficiency; Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Chronic Disease; Disease Attributes; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Urination Disorders; Urological Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Polyamines; Amines; Organic Chemicals; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Biphenyl Compounds; Benzene Derivatives; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Hydrocarbons, Cyclic; Hydrocarbons; Spiro Compounds; Tetrazoles; Azoles; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Polycyclic Compounds

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 2
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: October 15, 2013
• First Posted: October 24, 2013
• Study Start: October 1, 2013
• Primary Completion: October 1, 2015
• Study Completion: October 1, 2015
• Last Updated: October 12, 2015

Record last verified: 2015-10

Locations

IT (2)