The Chocolate Study

NCT01949636 | Completed DMC

• 2 other identifiers: 092468R01DK092468
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 131
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to test the dynamic vulnerability model of obesity using brain imaging.

Conditions

Obesity

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• increases in BMI

  Whether increases in BMI are predicted by: elevated reward region responsivity and reduced inhibitory region responsivity to palatable food varying in sugar/fat content (measured during fMRI scan)

  1, 2, 3, and 4 years

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• striatal response to palatable food receipt; reward response and inhibitory response to palatable food cues, and inhibitory control deficits/immediate reward bias

  1, 2, 3, and 4 years

Other Outcomes (1)

• increases in BMI

  4 years

Study Arms (1)

lean adolescents

Other: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Interventions

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging OTHER

lean adolescents

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 14 Years - 16 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

130 lean adolescents between 14-16 years old with BMIs between the 25th and 75th percentile at baseline

You may qualify if:

• between 14-16 years old
• BMI between 25th and 75th percentile

You may not qualify if:

• contraindicators of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
• metal implants
• braces
• pregnancy
• symptoms of major psychiatric disorders (substance use disorders, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, major depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder)
• binge eating
• use of pyschoactive drugs
• serious medical conditions (diabetes, brain injury)
• smoking
• dietary allergy to dairy

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Oregon Research Institute: lead
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Oregon Research Institute

Portland, Oregon, 97232, United States

Location

Related Publications (20)

• Alsio J, Olszewski PK, Norback AH, Gunnarsson ZE, Levine AS, Pickering C, Schioth HB. Dopamine D1 receptor gene expression decreases in the nucleus accumbens upon long-term exposure to palatable food and differs depending on diet-induced obesity phenotype in rats. Neuroscience. 2010 Dec 15;171(3):779-87. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.046. Epub 2010 Sep 26.

  PMID: 20875839 BACKGROUND

• Berridge KC. 'Liking' and 'wanting' food rewards: brain substrates and roles in eating disorders. Physiol Behav. 2009 Jul 14;97(5):537-50. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.044. Epub 2009 Mar 29.

  PMID: 19336238 BACKGROUND

• Cornier MA, Salzberg AK, Endly DC, Bessesen DH, Tregellas JR. Sex-based differences in the behavioral and neuronal responses to food. Physiol Behav. 2010 Mar 30;99(4):538-43. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.01.008. Epub 2010 Jan 22.

  PMID: 20096712 BACKGROUND

• Davis C, Strachan S, Berkson M. Sensitivity to reward: implications for overeating and overweight. Appetite. 2004 Apr;42(2):131-8. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2003.07.004.

  PMID: 15010176 BACKGROUND

• Felsted JA, Ren X, Chouinard-Decorte F, Small DM. Genetically determined differences in brain response to a primary food reward. J Neurosci. 2010 Feb 17;30(7):2428-32. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5483-09.2010.

  PMID: 20164326 BACKGROUND

• Johnson PM, Kenny PJ. Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats. Nat Neurosci. 2010 May;13(5):635-41. doi: 10.1038/nn.2519. Epub 2010 Mar 28.

  PMID: 20348917 BACKGROUND

• Kelley AE, Will MJ, Steininger TL, Zhang M, Haber SN. Restricted daily consumption of a highly palatable food (chocolate Ensure(R)) alters striatal enkephalin gene expression. Eur J Neurosci. 2003 Nov;18(9):2592-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02991.x.

  PMID: 14622160 BACKGROUND

• Kiyatkin EA, Gratton A. Electrochemical monitoring of extracellular dopamine in nucleus accumbens of rats lever-pressing for food. Brain Res. 1994 Aug 1;652(2):225-34. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90231-3.

  PMID: 7953734 BACKGROUND

• Schultz W, Apicella P, Ljungberg T. Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task. J Neurosci. 1993 Mar;13(3):900-13. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.13-03-00900.1993.

  PMID: 8441015 BACKGROUND

• Stice E, Davis K, Miller NP, Marti CN. Fasting increases risk for onset of binge eating and bulimic pathology: a 5-year prospective study. J Abnorm Psychol. 2008 Nov;117(4):941-6. doi: 10.1037/a0013644.

  PMID: 19025239 BACKGROUND

• Stice E, Yokum S, Blum K, Bohon C. Weight gain is associated with reduced striatal response to palatable food. J Neurosci. 2010 Sep 29;30(39):13105-9. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2105-10.2010.

  PMID: 20881128 BACKGROUND

• Stice E, Yokum S, Bohon C, Marti N, Smolen A. Reward circuitry responsivity to food predicts future increases in body mass: moderating effects of DRD2 and DRD4. Neuroimage. 2010 May 1;50(4):1618-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.01.081. Epub 2010 Jan 29.

  PMID: 20116437 BACKGROUND

• Stoeckel LE, Weller RE, Cook EW 3rd, Twieg DB, Knowlton RC, Cox JE. Widespread reward-system activation in obese women in response to pictures of high-calorie foods. Neuroimage. 2008 Jun;41(2):636-47. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.031. Epub 2008 Mar 4.

  PMID: 18413289 BACKGROUND

• Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Telang F, Fowler JS, Thanos PK, Logan J, Alexoff D, Ding YS, Wong C, Ma Y, Pradhan K. Low dopamine striatal D2 receptors are associated with prefrontal metabolism in obese subjects: possible contributing factors. Neuroimage. 2008 Oct 1;42(4):1537-43. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.06.002. Epub 2008 Jun 13.

  PMID: 18598772 BACKGROUND

• Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Felder C, Fowler JS, Levy AV, Pappas NR, Wong CT, Zhu W, Netusil N. Enhanced resting activity of the oral somatosensory cortex in obese subjects. Neuroreport. 2002 Jul 2;13(9):1151-5. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200207020-00016.

  PMID: 12151759 BACKGROUND

• Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Logan J, Pappas NR, Wong CT, Zhu W, Netusil N, Fowler JS. Brain dopamine and obesity. Lancet. 2001 Feb 3;357(9253):354-7. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03643-6.

  PMID: 11210998 BACKGROUND

• Yokum S, Ng J, Stice E. Attentional bias to food images associated with elevated weight and future weight gain: an fMRI study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Sep;19(9):1775-83. doi: 10.1038/oby.2011.168. Epub 2011 Jun 16.

  PMID: 21681221 BACKGROUND

• Yokum S, Bohon C, Berkman E, Stice E. Test-retest reliability of functional MRI food receipt, anticipated receipt, and picture tasks. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021 Aug 2;114(2):764-779. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab096.

  PMID: 33851199 DERIVED

• Yokum S, Stice E. Weight gain is associated with changes in neural response to palatable food tastes varying in sugar and fat and palatable food images: a repeated-measures fMRI study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Dec 1;110(6):1275-1286. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz204.

  PMID: 31535135 DERIVED

• Shearrer GE, Stice E, Burger KS. Adolescents at high risk of obesity show greater striatal response to increased sugar content in milkshakes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018 Jun 1;107(6):859-866. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy050.

  PMID: 29771283 DERIVED

Related Links

• Recruitment website

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Obesity

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overweight; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Officials

• Eric Stice, Ph.D.

  Oregon Research Institute

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: PROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 18, 2013
• First Posted: September 24, 2013
• Study Start: May 1, 2012
• Primary Completion: June 1, 2016
• Study Completion: April 1, 2018
• Last Updated: May 24, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-05

Locations

US (1)