Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia

NCT01911494 | Completed DMC

• 2 other identifiers: H12-03497F12-01593
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 87,500
• Locations: 4 countries
• Sites: 4

Brief Summary

This project is being undertaken to test the hypothesis that implementing a community based package of care for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy will result in overall improvement in maternal and neonatal outcomes. This is based on the premise that there are three main modifiable reasons why women (and their fetuses/newborns) die due to pregnancy complications: 1) delays by the woman herself in recognizing the seriousness of her condition; 2) delays in her being assessed and then transported to a center capable of providing effective and life-saving interventions; and 3) delays in the health facility in providing those interventions. The treatments for pre-eclampsia that are poorly accessed in LMIC are 1) magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for prevention and treatment of the grand mal seizures of eclampsia; 2) oral antihypertensive medication to lower maternal BP to reduce the risk of stroke. The CLIP pilot and definitive cRCT will investigate whether the community level intervention including implementation of the CLIP package (oral antihypertensive therapy when indicated, intramuscular (i.m.) MgSO4 when indicated; and appropriate referral to an CEmOC facility when indicated) of care will reduce the incidence of all-cause maternal morbidity and mortality.

Conditions

Pre-eclampsia; Hypertension, Pregnancy Induced

Keywords

cluster randomized controlled trial; pre-eclampsia; eclampsia; maternal mortality

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Maternal or Perinatal death or morbidity

  Combined outcome including any one of the following: 1. Maternal death (number of deaths during or within 42d of pregnancy or last contact day if contact not maintained to 42d/1000 identified pregnancies); termed Maternal Death Rate. 2. Maternal morbidity (number of women with ≥1 life-threatening complication of pregnancy (ie eclampsia, major PPH requiring surgical intervention, obstetric sepsis, stroke, etc) during or within 42d of pregnancy or last contact day if contact not maintained to 42d) / 1000 identified pregnancies 3. Perinatal death (stillbirth \[≥20+0 and/or ≥500g\], early neonatal mortality \[d0-7 of postnatal life\] and late neonatal mortality \[d8-28 of postnatal life\] /1000 identified pregnancies) 4. Neonatal morbidity (occurrence of any non-lethal morbidity (ie severe breathing difficulty, severe feeding difficulty, seizure, lethargy, coma, hypothermia, skin or umbilical stump infection, jaundice, etc) during 0-28d of postnatal life /1000 identified pregnancies)

  within 42 days of pregnancy

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• Birth preparedness and complication readiness

  from 20 weeks gestation to delivery

• Facility births

  from 20 weeks gestation to delivery

Other Outcomes (5)

• Pre-eclampsia knowledge

  from 20 weeks gestation to time of delivery

• Post-trial seizures

  within 42 days of pregnancy

• Cost-effectiveness

  within 42 days of pregnancy

Study Arms (2)

Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

The CLIP intervention consists of (i) community engagement including community leaders, the women of the communities themselves, and their mothers, husbands, and mothers-in-law, regarding pre-eclampsia, its origins, symptoms, signs, and potential consequences, pre-permissions for maternal transport, and fundraising activities around transport and treatment costs; (ii) provision of HDP oriented antenatal care through CLIP visits and use of CLIP "PIERS on the Move" mHealth tool (for risk stratification), and (iii) use of the CLIP package for women with a CLIP 'trigger' (i.e., oral antihypertensive therapy (methyldopa) when indicated, intramuscular (i.m.) magnesium sulfate when indicated; and appropriate referral to an CEmOC facility when indicated)

Behavioral: Community Engagement; Device: PIERS on the Move mHealth decision aid; Drug: Magnesium Sulfate; Drug: Methyldopa

Control

NO INTERVENTION

Current standard of antenatal care

Interventions

Community Engagement BEHAVIORAL

The primary objective of the community engagement activities in CLIP will be to create awareness and action around the prevention of maternal morbidity and mortality due to pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Community engagement involves the collective action of individuals, families, religious leaders, policy makers,

Intervention

PIERS on the Move mHealth decision aid DEVICE

This mHealth application is to be used by community health workers in intervention clusters to guide collection of relevant clinical data during antenatal visits. This clinical data is used to generate a risk estimate for any women with hypertension based on the miniPIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of Risk) clinical risk prediction model. This risk estimate in combination with other pre-defined treatment triggers (severe hypertension (\>160mmHg systolic) or proteinuria (\>3+ dipstick); absence of fetal movements for greater than 12 hours; signs of recent stroke of seizure) are collected in the app and based on this data recommendations for care of the woman are provided.

Also known as: CLIP mHealth tool

Intervention

Magnesium Sulfate DRUG

Women identified in intervention clusters by the community health worker during a study visit as being at high risk of- or having recently experienced- an eclamptic seizure will be given 10 g intramuscular magnesium sulfate prior to transfer to a nearby facility for further care.

Also known as: MgSO4

Intervention

Methyldopa DRUG

Women identified in intervention clusters as having severe hypertension (systolic greater than 160 mmHg) by the community health worker during a study visit will be given 750 mg of oral methyldopa prior to transfer to a nearby facility for further care.

Also known as: Aldomet

Intervention

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 15 Years - 49 Years
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• all consenting pregnant women

You may not qualify if:

• non-pregnant

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of British Columbia: lead
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: collaborator
• Olabisi Onabanjo University: collaborator
• Centro de Investigacao em Saude de Manhica: collaborator
• Aga Khan University: collaborator
• Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College: collaborator

Study Sites (4)

Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Karnataka Lingayat Education University

Belagavi, Karnataka, India

Location

Centro de Investigacaoem Saude de Manhica (CISM)

Maputo, Mozambique

Location

Centre for Research in Reproductive Health, Olabisi Onabanjo University

Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

Location

Aga Khan University

Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan

Location

Related Publications (27)

• Payne BA, Hutcheon JA, Ansermino JM, Hall DR, Bhutta ZA, Bhutta SZ, Biryabarema C, Grobman WA, Groen H, Haniff F, Li J, Magee LA, Merialdi M, Nakimuli A, Qu Z, Sikandar R, Sass N, Sawchuck D, Steyn DW, Widmer M, Zhou J, von Dadelszen P; miniPIERS Study Working Group. A risk prediction model for the assessment and triage of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low-resourced settings: the miniPIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) multi-country prospective cohort study. PLoS Med. 2014 Jan;11(1):e1001589. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001589. Epub 2014 Jan 21.

  PMID: 24465185 BACKGROUND

• von Dadelszen P, Firoz T, Donnay F, Gordon R, Justus Hofmeyr G, Lalani S, Payne BA, Roberts JM, Teela KC, Vidler M, Sawchuck D, Magee LA. Preeclampsia in low and middle income countries-health services lessons learned from the PRE-EMPT (PRE-Eclampsia-Eclampsia Monitoring, Prevention and Treatment) project. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2012 Oct;34(10):917-926. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)35405-6.

  PMID: 23067947 BACKGROUND

• Dunsmuir DT, Payne BA, Cloete G, Petersen CL, Gorges M, Lim J, von Dadelszen P, Dumont GA, Ansermino JM. Development of mHealth applications for pre-eclampsia triage. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2014 Nov;18(6):1857-64. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2014.2301156.

  PMID: 25375683 BACKGROUND

• Vidler M, Kinshella MW, Sevene E, Lewis G, von Dadelszen P, Bhutta Z; CLIP Working Group. Transitioning from the "Three Delays" to a focus on continuity of care: a qualitative analysis of maternal deaths in rural Pakistan and Mozambique. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Oct 23;23(1):748. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-06055-w.

  PMID: 37872504 DERIVED

• Kavi A, Kinshella MW, Ramadurg UY, Charantimath U, Katageri GM, Karadiguddi CC, Honnungar NV, Bannale SG, Mungarwadi GI, Bone JN, Vidler M, Magee L, Mallapur A, Goudar SS, Bellad M, Derman R, von Dadelszen P, Working Group TCI. Community engagement for birth preparedness and complication readiness in the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Trial in India: a mixed-method evaluation. BMJ Open. 2022 Dec 20;12(12):e060593. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060593.

  PMID: 36600428 DERIVED

• Hoodbhoy Z, Sheikh SS, Qureshi R, Memon J, Raza F, Kinshella MW, Bone JN, Vidler M, Sharma S, Payne BA, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Bhutta ZA; CLIP Pakistan Working Group*. Role of community engagement in maternal health in rural Pakistan: Findings from the CLIP randomized trial. J Glob Health. 2021 Jul 17;11:04045. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.04045. eCollection 2021.

  PMID: 34326995 DERIVED

• Bone JN, Magee LA, Singer J, Nathan H, Qureshi RN, Sacoor C, Sevene E, Shennan A, Bellad MB, Goudar SS, Mallapur AA, Munguambe K, Vidler M, Bhutta ZA, von Dadelszen P; CLIP study group. Blood pressure thresholds in pregnancy for identifying maternal and infant risk: a secondary analysis of Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trial data. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Aug;9(8):e1119-e1128. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00219-9. Epub 2021 Jul 5.

  PMID: 34237265 DERIVED

• Bone JN, Khowaja AR, Vidler M, Payne BA, Bellad MB, Goudar SS, Mallapur AA, Munguambe K, Qureshi RN, Sacoor C, Sevene E, Frederix GWJ, Bhutta ZA, Mitton C, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P; CLIP Trials Working Group. Economic and cost-effectiveness analysis of the Community-Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) trials in India, Pakistan and Mozambique. BMJ Glob Health. 2021 May;6(5):e004123. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004123.

  PMID: 34031134 DERIVED

• Makacha L, Makanga PT, Dube YP, Bone J, Munguambe K, Katageri G, Sharma S, Vidler M, Sevene E, Ramadurg U, Charantimath U, Revankar A, von Dadelszen P. Is the closest health facility the one used in pregnancy care-seeking? A cross-sectional comparative analysis of self-reported and modelled geographical access to maternal care in Mozambique, India and Pakistan. Int J Health Geogr. 2020 Feb 3;19(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s12942-020-0197-5.

  PMID: 32013994 DERIVED

• Magee LA, Sharma S, Nathan HL, Adetoro OO, Bellad MB, Goudar S, Macuacua SE, Mallapur A, Qureshi R, Sevene E, Sotunsa J, Vala A, Lee T, Payne BA, Vidler M, Shennan AH, Bhutta ZA, von Dadelszen P; CLIP Study Group. The incidence of pregnancy hypertension in India, Pakistan, Mozambique, and Nigeria: A prospective population-level analysis. PLoS Med. 2019 Apr 12;16(4):e1002783. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002783. eCollection 2019 Apr.

  PMID: 30978179 DERIVED

• Makanga PT, Sacoor C, Schuurman N, Lee T, Vilanculo FC, Munguambe K, Boene H, Ukah UV, Vidler M, Magee LA, Sevene E, von Dadelszen P, Firoz T; CLIP Working Group. Place-specific factors associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in Southern Mozambique: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2019 Feb 19;9(2):e024042. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024042.

  PMID: 30782892 DERIVED

• Sharma S, Adetoro OO, Vidler M, Drebit S, Payne BA, Akeju DO, Adepoju A, Jaiyesimi E, Sotunsa J, Bhutta ZA, Magee LA, von Dadelszen P, Dada O. A process evaluation plan for assessing a complex community-based maternal health intervention in Ogun State, Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017 Mar 28;17(1):238. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2124-4.

  PMID: 28351355 DERIVED

• Bellad MB, Vidler M, Honnungar NV, Mallapur A, Ramadurg U, Charanthimath U, Katageri G, Bannale S, Kavi A, Karadiguddi C, Sharma S, Lee T, Li J, Payne B, Magee L, von Dadelszen P, Derman R, Goudar SS; CLIP Working Group. Maternal and Newborn Health in Karnataka State, India: The Community Level Interventions for Pre-Eclampsia (CLIP) Trial's Baseline Study Results. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 20;12(1):e0166623. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166623. eCollection 2017.

  PMID: 28107350 DERIVED

• Akeju DO, Vidler M, Sotunsa JO, Osiberu MO, Orenuga EO, Oladapo OT, Adepoju AA, Qureshi R, Sawchuck D, Adetoro OO, von Dadelszen P, Dada OA; CLIP Nigeria Feasibility Working Group. Human resource constraints and the prospect of task-sharing among community health workers for the detection of early signs of pre-eclampsia in Ogun State, Nigeria. Reprod Health. 2016 Sep 30;13(Suppl 2):111. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0216-y.

  PMID: 27719681 DERIVED

• Salam RA, Qureshi RN, Sheikh S, Khowaja AR, Sawchuck D, Vidler M, von Dadelszen P, Zaidi S, Bhutta Z; CLIP working group. Potential for task-sharing to Lady Health Workers for identification and emergency management of pre-eclampsia at community level in Pakistan. Reprod Health. 2016 Sep 30;13(Suppl 2):107. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0214-0.

  PMID: 27719680 DERIVED

• Ramadurg U, Vidler M, Charanthimath U, Katageri G, Bellad M, Mallapur A, Goudar S, Bannale S, Karadiguddi C, Sawchuck D, Qureshi R, von Dadelszen P, Derman R; Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) India Feasibility Working Group. Community health worker knowledge and management of pre-eclampsia in rural Karnataka State, India. Reprod Health. 2016 Sep 30;13(Suppl 2):113. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0219-8.

  PMID: 27719678 DERIVED

• Sotunsa JO, Vidler M, Akeju DO, Osiberu MO, Orenuga EO, Oladapo OT, Qureshi R, Sawchuck D, Adetoro OO, von Dadelszen P, Dada OA; CLIP Nigeria Feasibility Working Group. Community health workers' knowledge and practice in relation to pre-eclampsia in Ogun State, Nigeria: an essential bridge to maternal survival. Reprod Health. 2016 Sep 30;13(Suppl 2):108. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0218-9.

  PMID: 27719677 DERIVED

• Sheikh S, Qureshi RN, Khowaja AR, Salam R, Vidler M, Sawchuck D, von Dadelszen P, Zaidi S, Bhutta Z; CLIP Working Group. Health care provider knowledge and routine management of pre-eclampsia in Pakistan. Reprod Health. 2016 Sep 30;13(Suppl 2):104. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0215-z.

  PMID: 27719673 DERIVED

• Vidler M, Charantimath U, Katageri G, Ramadurg U, Karadiguddi C, Sawchuck D, Qureshi R, Dharamsi S, von Dadelszen P, Derman R, Goudar S, Mallapur A, Bellad M; Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) India Feasibility Working Group. Community perceptions of pre-eclampsia in rural Karnataka State, India: a qualitative study. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):35. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0137-9.

  PMID: 27358068 DERIVED

• Boene H, Vidler M, Sacoor C, Nhama A, Nhacolo A, Bique C, Alonso P, Sawchuck D, Qureshi R, Macete E, Menendez C, von Dadelszen P, Sevene E, Munguambe K. Community perceptions of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in southern Mozambique. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):33. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0135-y.

  PMID: 27357840 DERIVED

• Akeju DO, Vidler M, Oladapo OT, Sawchuck D, Qureshi R, von Dadelszen P, Adetoro OO, Dada OA; CLIP Nigeria Feasibility Working Group. Community perceptions of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Ogun State, Nigeria: a qualitative study. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0134-z.

  PMID: 27357695 DERIVED

• Khowaja AR, Qureshi RN, Sawchuck D, Oladapo OT, Adetoro OO, Orenuga EA, Bellad M, Mallapur A, Charantimath U, Sevene E, Munguambe K, Boene HE, Vidler M, Bhutta ZA, von Dadelszen P; CLIP Working Group. The feasibility of community level interventions for pre-eclampsia in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed-methods design. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0133-0.

  PMID: 27357579 DERIVED

• Munguambe K, Boene H, Vidler M, Bique C, Sawchuck D, Firoz T, Makanga PT, Qureshi R, Macete E, Menendez C, von Dadelszen P, Sevene E. Barriers and facilitators to health care seeking behaviours in pregnancy in rural communities of southern Mozambique. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0141-0.

  PMID: 27356968 DERIVED

• Qureshi RN, Sheikh S, Khowaja AR, Hoodbhoy Z, Zaidi S, Sawchuck D, Vidler M, Bhutta ZA, von Dadeslzen P; CLIP Working Group. Health care seeking behaviours in pregnancy in rural Sindh, Pakistan: a qualitative study. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0140-1.

  PMID: 27356863 DERIVED

• Akeju DO, Oladapo OT, Vidler M, Akinmade AA, Sawchuck D, Qureshi R, Solarin M, Adetoro OO, von Dadelszen P; CLIP Nigeria Feasibility Working Group. Determinants of health care seeking behaviour during pregnancy in Ogun State, Nigeria. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):32. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0139-7.

  PMID: 27356754 DERIVED

• Vidler M, Ramadurg U, Charantimath U, Katageri G, Karadiguddi C, Sawchuck D, Qureshi R, Dharamsi S, Joshi A, von Dadelszen P, Derman R, Bellad M, Goudar S, Mallapur A; Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) India Feasibility Working Group. Utilization of maternal health care services and their determinants in Karnataka State, India. Reprod Health. 2016 Jun 8;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0138-8.

  PMID: 27356502 DERIVED

• Khowaja AR, Mitton C, Bryan S, Magee LA, Bhutta ZA, von Dadelszen P. Economic evaluation of Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) in South Asian and African countries: a study protocol. Implement Sci. 2015 May 26;10:76. doi: 10.1186/s13012-015-0266-5.

  PMID: 26007682 DERIVED

Related Links

• CLIP trial website

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Pre-Eclampsia; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Eclampsia; Maternal Death

Interventions

Magnesium Sulfate; Methyldopa

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pregnancy Complications; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Hypertension; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Parental Death; Death; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Magnesium Compounds; Inorganic Chemicals; Sulfates; Sulfuric Acids; Sulfur Acids; Sulfur Compounds; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Catecholamines; Amines; Organic Chemicals; Catechols; Phenols; Benzene Derivatives; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Hydrocarbons, Cyclic; Hydrocarbons; Phenylalanine; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Cyclic; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; Tyrosine

Study Officials

• Peter von Dadelszen, MBChB, DPhil

  University of British Columbia

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: OTHER
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Study Principal Investigator

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 28, 2013
• First Posted: July 30, 2013
• Study Start: September 1, 2013
• Primary Completion: May 1, 2018
• Study Completion: June 1, 2018
• Last Updated: June 27, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-06

Locations

NG (1); IN (1); MO (1); PA (1)