The Caudal Space in Children: Ultrasound Evaluation

NCT01896076 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 4-2013-0244
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 300
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Caudal anesthesia is commonly employed in pediatrics to produce postoperative analgesia in low abdominal or urologic surgery. An exact understanding of the anatomy of the sacral area including sacral hiatus and surrounding structures is crucial to the success of caudal block. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomy of the caudal space in pediatrics by ultrasound evaluation.

Conditions

Hydrocele; Inguinal Hernia; Hypospadia; Cryptorchidism; Genitourinary Disease

Keywords

caudal space; children; ultrasound evaluation

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• ultrasound evaluation of caudal space

  First, investigators place the transducer at the sacral cornua to obtain a transverse view. In the transverse view, the distance between two cornua and the depth of caudal space at the sacral hiatus were measured. In the longitudinal view, the distance from the skin to the sacrococcygeal membrane and the optimal angles and the safety distance for needle insertion depending on the points of insertions were measured. From the end of dura sac to the sacral hiatus were regarded as safety distance for the needle insertion during caudal block.

  Right after induction of general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lateral position. The ultrasound evaluation include transverse and longitudinal view.

Study Arms (1)

Pediatric patients in urologic surgery

Pediatric patients undergoing caudal block for urologic surgery were included in this study.

Other: ultrasound evaluation of caudal space

Interventions

ultrasound evaluation of caudal space OTHER

After induction of general anesthesia, the patients were placed in the lateral position. The ultrasound evaluation include transverse and longitudinal view. First, investigators place the transducer at the sacral cornua to obtain a transverse view. In the transverse view, the distance between two cornua and the depth of caudal space at the sacral hiatus were measured. In the longitudinal view, the distance from the skin to the sacrococcygeal membrane and the optimal angles and the safety distance for needle insertion depending on the points of insertions were measured. From the end of dura sac to the sacral hiatus were regarded as safety distance for the needle insertion during caudal block.

Pediatric patients in urologic surgery

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: Up to 7 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients aged 0 - 84 months who were scheduled to undergo elective urological surgery. This investigation was conducted at a single tertiary medical center (Severance Hospital), Seoul, Republic of Korea.

You may qualify if:

• Patients aged 0 - 84 months who were scheduled to undergo elective urological surgery.

You may not qualify if:

• Patients with any contraindication to caudal epidural block were excluded.
• coagulopathy
• allergy to local anesthetics
• infection at the puncture site

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Yonsei University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine

Seoul, 120-752, South Korea

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Testicular Hydrocele; Hernia, Inguinal; Hypospadias; Cryptorchidism; Urogenital Diseases

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Testicular Diseases; Genital Diseases, Male; Genital Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Gonadal Disorders; Endocrine System Diseases; Hernia, Abdominal; Hernia; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Urogenital Abnormalities; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Penile Diseases; Congenital Abnormalities; Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 30, 2013
• First Posted: July 11, 2013
• Study Start: June 1, 2013
• Primary Completion: February 1, 2014
• Study Completion: March 1, 2014
• Last Updated: July 28, 2014

Record last verified: 2014-07

Locations

KR (1)