New DIETs: New Dietary Interventions Enhancing the Treatment for Weight Loss

NCT01742572 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: Pro00021116
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 63
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Several studies have shown differences in health-related outcomes by dietary pattern. These patterns have included those participants following vegan (no meat, poultry, fish, dairy, or eggs), vegetarian (no meat, poultry, or fish), pesco- vegetarian (no meat or poultry), semi-vegetarian (red meat and poultry ≥ 1 time/month and \< 1 time/week), or omnivorous diets. These studies have shown that of these dietary patterns, vegans have the lowest BMIs, lowest prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, and lowest amount of weight gain over 5 years. In addition, vegetarians have significantly better metabolic risk factors as compared to non-vegetarians. While these initial observational studies have shown benefits to consuming more plant-based diets, there have been no randomized trials examining the differences in health outcomes among these dietary patterns. To begin exploring this research area, the investigators will conduct a pilot study which will randomize participants to one of the 5 dietary approaches. Participants (n=75) in the NEW DIETs Study will be recruited to follow their randomly assigned diet for 8 weeks and attend weekly sessions to learn about nutrition and cooking.

Conditions

Overweight; Obesity

Keywords

weight loss; obesity; overweight; diet

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Weight Loss

  8 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (1)

• Dietary Intake

  8 weeks

Study Arms (5)

Vegan

EXPERIMENTAL

A vegan diet is one that does not contain any animal products (no meat, fish, poultry, eggs, or dairy) but emphasizes plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.

Behavioral: Diet

Vegetarian

EXPERIMENTAL

A vegetarian diet is one that does not contain meat, fish, or poultry but does contain eggs and dairy, in addition to plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.

Behavioral: Diet

Pesco-Vegetarian

EXPERIMENTAL

A pesco-vegetarian diet is one that does not contain meat or poultry but does contain fish and shellfish, eggs, and dairy, in addition to plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.

Behavioral: Diet

Semi-Vegetarian

EXPERIMENTAL

A semi-vegetarian diet is one that contains all foods, including meat, poultry, fish and shellfish, eggs, and dairy, in addition to plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes/beans. However, red meat is limited to one time per week and poultry is limited to 5 times per week or less. We will also ask you to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index.

Behavioral: Diet

Omnivorous

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

An omnivorous diet contains all food groups. However, as part of this study, we will ask participants in this group to keep foods low in fat and low in glycemic index. Participants in this group will not need to attend weekly meetings but will receive information via e-mail each week.

Behavioral: Diet

Interventions

Diet BEHAVIORAL

Change in dietary intake

Omnivorous; Pesco-Vegetarian; Semi-Vegetarian; Vegan; Vegetarian

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 65 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• be between the ages of 18-65
• have access to a computer with Internet capabilities
• be overweight (Body Mass Index of 25-49.9)
• be able to attend weekly evening meetings at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, SC (up to 8 total) starting late January 2013.

You may not qualify if:

• have a Body Mass Index less than 25 or greater than 49.9 kg/m2
• are currently pregnant
• are younger than 18 or older than 65 years of age
• are unable to attend weekly meetings for 8 weeks
• don't have access to the Internet and a computer
• don't have access to a scale for self-monitoring weight
• aren't willing to be randomized to one of five dietary groups
• have a psychiatric disease, drug or alcohol dependency, or uncontrolled thyroid condition
• have a major health condition, such as heart conditions, diabetes, and past incidence of stroke
• have an eating disorder (participants will be screened using the Eating Attitudes Test screener-participants who do not pass this screener will be asked to contact their physician)
• currently participating in a weight loss program or taking weight loss medications
• currently following a vegan, vegetarian, or pesco-vegetarian diet

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of South Carolina: lead

Study Sites (1)

University of South Carolina

Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, United States

Location

Related Publications (1)

• Turner-McGrievy GM, Wirth MD, Shivappa N, Wingard EE, Fayad R, Wilcox S, Frongillo EA, Hebert JR. Randomization to plant-based dietary approaches leads to larger short-term improvements in Dietary Inflammatory Index scores and macronutrient intake compared with diets that contain meat. Nutr Res. 2015 Feb;35(2):97-106. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Dec 3.

  PMID: 25532675 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Overweight; Obesity; Weight Loss

Interventions

Diet

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Body Weight; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Body Weight Changes

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena

Study Officials

• Brie Turner-McGrievy, PhD, MS, RD

  University of South Carolina

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: November 27, 2012
• First Posted: December 5, 2012
• Study Start: November 1, 2012
• Primary Completion: August 1, 2013
• Study Completion: August 1, 2013
• Last Updated: April 18, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-04

Locations

US (1)