NCT01572090

Brief Summary

Patients with overweight or obesity are in need to loose weight and represent a particularly challenging medical condition. Undoubtedly, any intervention achieving a negative energy balance over an extended time period will result in weight loss. Although several treatment modalities are available, currently the most extended approaches are lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Given the limited approved anti-obesity drugs, the main therapeutic strategies involve either conventional treatment or bariatric surgery. Conventional weight-reduction programs pursue a safe weight loss rate of 0,5-1,0 kg per week. The main modifiable factors affecting energy balance are dietary energy intake and energy expended through physical activity. In spite of the difficulty in achieving relevant and sustained weight loss via the conventional approach, some patients are successful in reducing weight and obesity-associated complications. Bariatric surgery has proved to be the most effective long-term treatment for weight loss and comorbidity improvement. While some of the surgery-induced benefits are directly dependent on adipose tissue reduction, others are due to specific gastrointestinal changes that take place early on and before any significant effects on body weight are observed. The present study contemplates the determination and comparison of the anthropometric and metabolic changes produced by the conventional and surgery-induced treatment modalities. Particular emphasis will be placed on the potential differential effects between conventional and surgical weight loss on body composition changes, circulating adipokines and gastrointestinal hormones together with their subsequent impact on cardiometabolic risk factors.

Trial Health

43
At Risk

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Trial has exceeded expected completion date
Enrollment
600

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for not_applicable obesity

Timeline
Completed

Started Jan 2006

Longer than P75 for not_applicable obesity

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
unknown

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

January 1, 2006

Completed
6.2 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

March 28, 2012

Completed
8 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

April 5, 2012

Completed
4.7 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

December 1, 2016

Completed
1 year until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

December 1, 2017

Completed
Last Updated

October 26, 2016

Status Verified

October 1, 2016

Enrollment Period

10.9 years

First QC Date

March 28, 2012

Last Update Submit

October 24, 2016

Conditions

Keywords

Body mass indexBody fatObesityBariatric surgeryConventional dietary treatmentDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Cardiometabolic risk factorsInflammationAdipokinesGastrointestinal hormonesComorbidity improvementEnergy intakeEnergy expenditurePhysical activity

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

  • Change in body fat

    Body fat will be assessed by air-displacement plethysmography (Bod-Pod) over the duration of the intervention.

    Baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 24 months

Secondary Outcomes (6)

  • Change in energy balance

    Baseline, 1, 6, 12 and 24 months

  • Change in glycemic control

    Baseline, 1, 6, 12 and 24 months

  • Change in cardiovascular risk factors

    Baseline, 1, 6, 12 and 24 months

  • Change in gastrointestinal hormones

    Baseline, 1, 6, 12 and 24 months

  • Change in gustatory threshold

    Baseline, 1, 6, 12 and 24 months

  • +1 more secondary outcomes

Study Arms (6)

Conventional weight loss: CONV-NG

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Obese normoglycemic (NG) patients evidenced by a body fat ≥ 35% in women and ≥ 25% in men and a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Conventional weight loss will be achieved by "Lifestyle changes" including advice on increasing physical activity and prescription of a hypocaloric diet providing a daily energy deficit of 500-1000 kcal/d as calculated from the determination of the resting energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry (Vmax29, SensorMedics Corporation, Yorba Linda, CA) and multiplication by the physical activity level factor to obtain the individual's total energy expenditure. Regular visits with the dietitian will be scheduled as in the surgical groups.

Behavioral: Lifestyle Changes

Conventional weight loss: CONV-T2D

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Obese type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients evidenced by a body fat \>35% in women and ≥ 25% in men and proven documentation of T2D diagnosis, history and treatment in accordance with good clinical practice. Conventional weight loss will be achieved by "Lifestyle changes" including advice on increasing physical activity and prescription of a hypocaloric diet providing a daily energy deficit of 500-1000 kcal/d as calculated from the determination of the resting energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry (Vmax29, SensorMedics Corporation, Yorba Linda, CA) and multiplication by the physical activity level factor to obtain the individual's total energy expenditure. Regular visits with the dietitian will be scheduled as in the surgical groups.

Behavioral: Lifestyle ChangesOther: Adjustment of oral antidiabetics/insulin therapy

Laparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy: SG-NG

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The intervention in this arm comprises obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 with comorbidities) normoglycemic (NG) patients (evidenced by a 2-h OGTT) undergoing a sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The Sleeve gastrectomy SG-NG involves the removal of the mayor curvature of the stomach. Via a laparoscopic approach. In addition to the surgery, patients will have regular follow-up with a dietitian and endocrinologist for appropriate counselling on lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplementation counselling) following bariatric surgery.

Behavioral: Lifestyle ChangesProcedure: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Laparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy: SG-T2D

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The intervention in this arm comprises obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 with comorbidities) type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with proven documentation of T2D diagnosis, history and treatment in accordance with good clinical practice undergoing a sleeve gastrectomy (SG). In addition to the surgery, patients will have regular follow-up with a dietitian and endocrinologist for appropriate counselling on lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplementation counselling) following bariatric surgery as well for adjustment of antidiabetic medication. Adjustment of oral antidiabetics/insulin therapy consisting in continuation, adjustment or discontinuation of medical antidiabetic therapy if needed in accordance with good clinical practice.

Behavioral: Lifestyle ChangesOther: Adjustment of oral antidiabetics/insulin therapyProcedure: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Laparoscopic R-Y gastric bypass: RYGB-NG

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The intervention in this arm comprises obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 with comorbidities) normoglycemic (NG) patients (evidenced by a 2-h OGTT) undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). In addition to the surgery, patients will have regular follow-up with a dietitian and endocrinologist for appropriate counselling on lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplementation counselling) following bariatric surgery.

Behavioral: Lifestyle ChangesProcedure: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Laparoscopic R-Y gastric bypss: RYGB-T2D

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The intervention in this arm comprises obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 with comorbidities) type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with proven documentation of T2D diagnosis, history and treatment in accordance with good clinical practice undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). In addition to the surgery, patients will have regular follow-up with a dietitian and endocrinologist for appropriate counselling on lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplementation counselling) following bariatric surgery as well for adjustment of antidiabetic medication. Adjustment of oral antidiabetics/insulin therapy consisting in continuation, adjustment or discontinuation of medical antidiabetic therapy if needed in accordance with good clinical practice.

Behavioral: Lifestyle ChangesOther: Adjustment of oral antidiabetics/insulin therapyProcedure: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Interventions

Hypocaloric diet providing a 1000 kcal/d deficit from total energy expenditure assessed by indirect calorimetry and physical activity determination. Dietetic and physical activity counselling with a dietitian.

Also known as: Conventional weight loss
Conventional weight loss: CONV-NGConventional weight loss: CONV-T2DLaparoscopic R-Y gastric bypass: RYGB-NGLaparoscopic R-Y gastric bypss: RYGB-T2DLaparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy: SG-NGLaparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy: SG-T2D

Continuation-discontinuation of medical antidiabetic therapy if needed in accordance with good clinical practice. In addition to the surgery, patients will have regular follow-up with an endocrinologist for appropriate counselling on lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplementation counselling) following bariatric surgery as well for adjustment of antidiabetic medication. Adjustment of oral antidiabetics/insulin therapy consisting in continuation, adjustment or discontinuation of medical antidiabetic therapy if needed in accordance with good clinical practice.

Also known as: Pharmacological treatment adjustment
Conventional weight loss: CONV-T2DLaparoscopic R-Y gastric bypss: RYGB-T2DLaparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy: SG-T2D

The Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy SG-NG involves the removal of the mayor curvature of the stomach via a laparoscopic approach. In addition to the surgery, patients will have regular follow-up with a dietitian and endocrinologist for appropriate counselling on lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplementation counselling) following bariatric surgery.

Also known as: Restrictive bariatric surgery, Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy SG
Laparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy: SG-NGLaparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy: SG-T2D

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In addition to the surgery, patients will have regular follow-up with a dietitian and endocrinologist for appropriate counselling on lifestyle changes (diet, physical activity and vitamin/mineral supplementation counselling) following bariatric surgery.

Also known as: Mixed (restrictive & malabsorptive) bariatric surgery
Laparoscopic R-Y gastric bypass: RYGB-NGLaparoscopic R-Y gastric bypss: RYGB-T2D

Eligibility Criteria

Age21 Years - 65 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Age between 21 and 65 years.
  • Obesity as defined by World Health Organization criteria.
  • For bariatric surgery patients: qualified for obesity surgery by the -Multidisciplinary Obesity Team of the Clinica Universidad de Navarra
  • For type 2 diabetic patients: T2D diagnosis confirmed by either fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL on two separate occasions, or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL and plasma glucose ≥140 mg/dL 2 h after OGTT, or treatment with anti-diabetic medication in accordance with good clinical practice with and well-documented information on diagnosis, history, treatment(s) and HbA1c data.
  • No major organ disease unrelated to excess body weight.
  • Mentally able to understand the study and willingness to participate in the study.

You may not qualify if:

  • Pregnancy/lactation
  • Poor overall general health
  • Drug and/or alcohol addiction
  • Prior bariatric or gastrointestinal surgery
  • Active gastric or intestinal tract disease
  • Thyroid disease
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus
  • Portal hypertension and/or cirrhosis
  • Malignancies
  • History of eating disorders or major psychiatric illness
  • Unable to communicate with study staff

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

Clinica Universidad de Navarra

Pamplona, Spain

Location

Related Publications (2)

  • Gomez-Ambrosi J, Gonzalez-Crespo I, Catalan V, Rodriguez A, Moncada R, Valenti V, Romero S, Ramirez B, Silva C, Gil MJ, Salvador J, Benito A, Colina I, Fruhbeck G. Clinical usefulness of abdominal bioimpedance (ViScan) in the determination of visceral fat and its application in the diagnosis and management of obesity and its comorbidities. Clin Nutr. 2018 Apr;37(2):580-589. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Jan 28.

  • Gomez-Ambrosi J, Gallego-Escuredo JM, Catalan V, Rodriguez A, Domingo P, Moncada R, Valenti V, Salvador J, Giralt M, Villarroya F, Fruhbeck G. FGF19 and FGF21 serum concentrations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes behave differently after diet- or surgically-induced weight loss. Clin Nutr. 2017 Jun;36(3):861-868. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.04.027. Epub 2016 May 4.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

ObesityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2InflammationMotor Activity

Interventions

Bariatric Surgery

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

OverweightOvernutritionNutrition DisordersNutritional and Metabolic DiseasesBody WeightSigns and SymptomsPathological Conditions, Signs and SymptomsDiabetes MellitusGlucose Metabolism DisordersMetabolic DiseasesEndocrine System DiseasesPathologic ProcessesBehavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

BariatricsObesity ManagementTherapeuticsSurgical Procedures, Operative

Study Officials

  • Gema Frühbeck, MD, PhD

    Clinica Universidad de Navarra

    PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
NON RANDOMIZED
Masking
NONE
Purpose
BASIC SCIENCE
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PI Title
MD, PhD

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

March 28, 2012

First Posted

April 5, 2012

Study Start

January 1, 2006

Primary Completion

December 1, 2016

Study Completion

December 1, 2017

Last Updated

October 26, 2016

Record last verified: 2016-10

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations