Comparing Internet and In-Person Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Insomnia

NCT01549899 | Completed Phase 3 Results DMC

• 2 other identifiers: W81XWH-10-1-0828PT090525
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 185
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The objective of this study is to directly compare 6 sessions of in-person and Internet administered Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Insomnia (CBTi) to a Minimal Contact control (MC), within an active duty military population to determine the comparative benefits of these interventions on improvement in sleep as well as domains strongly related to insomnia such as depression, substance abuse, and PTSD symptoms. A total of 189 military personnel with chronic insomnia, aged 18-65, will be recruited and randomized to receive 6-sessions (over 6 weeks) of CBTi (n=77), ICBTi (n=35), or a MC control (n=77) condition. The investigators will compare these three groups on subjective and objective measures of sleep. The CBTi and MC control groups will be compared on other variables of interest (e.g., depression, substance abuse, and PTSD symptoms) and predictors of outcomes.

Conditions

Insomnia

Keywords

Insomnia; Cognitive; Behavioral; Therapy; Internet; Depression; Substance Use; Post-Tramatic Stress Disorder

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Sleep Diary Sleep Efficiency

  Provides daily self-reports of bedtime, time to fall asleep, middle of the night awakenings, and time out of bed. These data will be aggregated to determine self-reported sleep efficiency (i.e., total sleep time/time in bed X 100). Other variable to be extracted will include total sleep time and total wake time.

  Change from Baseline to Post-Treatment and 6 month follow-up

Secondary Outcomes (10)

• Beck Depression Inventory II

  Change from Baseline to Post-Treatment and 6 month follow-up

• Substance Use

  Change from Baseline to Post-Treatment and 6 month follow-up

• Actigraphy

  Change from Baseline to Post-Treatment and 6 month follow-up

• PTSD Check List-Military

  Change from Baseline to Post-Treatment and 6 month follow-up

• Beck Anxiety Inventory

  Change from Baseline to Post-Treatment and 6 month follow-up

Study Arms (3)

In-person CBT of Insomnia

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

CBTi consisted of 6 weekly 60-minute sessions and included identical informational material. The treatments contained the following efficacious and commonly used modules of cognitive behavioral treatments for insomnia: Stimulus Control, Sleep Restriction, Sleep Hygiene, Relaxation Training, Cognitive Restructuring.

Behavioral: In-person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Insomnia

Internet CBT of Insomnia

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The I-CBTi protocol was developed by the National Center for Telehealth and Technology with the first author (DJT) serving as the subject matter expert, and administered on the afterdeployment.org website. The information and instructions for I-CBTi were identical to in-person CBTi; however, their mode of delivery in I-CBTi is considerably different due to the constraints of its automated, online format. The lessons were presented as audio recordings accompanied by visual graphics and animations and several lessons, had interactive components such as games, quizzes, and prompts for participants to schedule healthy sleep habits.

Behavioral: Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Insomnia

Minimal Contact

NO INTERVENTION

Those assigned to the MC control group will be asked to not work with another therapist or seek additional treatment for insomnia-related difficulties during the 6-week MC period. They will be called every other week to monitor their status and to provide support as needed. The calls will be limited to 10-15 minutes. MC participants will also be given contact information to use in case of worsening of symptoms or increasing distress. At the end of six weeks, they will complete the baseline assessments again, which will serve as the post-treatment assessment for the MC period. They will then be randomly assigned to either the CBTi or ICBTi groups.

Interventions

In-person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Insomnia BEHAVIORAL

In-person CBTi was be provided by a master's or doctoral level mental health counselor (e.g., social worker or psychologist). This treatment consisted of 6-sessions and included the same efficacious and commonly used modules of CBTi (i.e., sleep education \& hygiene, stimulus control, progressive muscle relaxation, sleep restriction, and cognitive therapy).

In-person CBT of Insomnia

Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Insomnia BEHAVIORAL

The ICBTi treatment is an online protocol developed by the National Center for Telehealth and Technology, with the PI (DJT) as the subject matter expert. The treatment consists of the same components as the in-person CBTi, but their mode of delivery was considerably different due to the constraints of its automated, online format. Each of the six ICBTi sessions was divided into lessons covering different aspects of each of the components. The lessons were presented as audio recordings accompanied by visual graphics and animations. For several lessons, interactive components were included, such as games, quizzes, and prompts for participants to schedule healthy sleep habits.

Internet CBT of Insomnia

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Chronic Insomnia as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) criteria41 Complaint of \> 3 months (chronic insomnia) of disturbed sleep \>3 nights/week (severe insomnia) as defined by at least one of the following as assessed by sleep diaries: Sleep Onset Latency of \>30 min (initial insomnia) and/or Wake After Sleep-Onset of \>30 min (middle insomnia) and/or Early Morning Awakening of \>30 min before the desired wakeup time (late insomnia) and Sleep Efficiency \< 85%
• Active Duty military member stationed at Fort Hood as assessed by self-report.
• History of having deployed in support of OIF or OEF as assessed by self-report. • Stable on psychotropic and/or hypnotic medications for at least one month as assessed by self-report and review of medical record.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Daniel J. Taylor, Ph.D.: lead
• United States Department of Defense: collaborator
• C.R.Darnall Army Medical Center: collaborator
• The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center

Fort Hood, Texas, 76544, United States

Location

Related Publications (8)

• Taylor DJ, Wilkerson AK, Pruiksma KE, Williams JM, Ruggero CJ, Hale W, Mintz J, Organek KM, Nicholson KL, Litz BT, Young-McCaughan S, Dondanville KA, Borah EV, Brundige A, Peterson AL; STRONG STAR Consortium. Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Sleep Disorders Module. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 Mar 15;14(3):459-464. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.7000.

  PMID: 29458705 BACKGROUND

• Peterson AL, Young-McCaughan S, Roache JD, Mintz J, Litz BT, Williamson DE, Resick PA, Foa EB, McGeary DD, Dondanville KA, Taylor DJ, Wachen JS, Fox PT, Bryan CJ, McLean CP, Pruiksma KE, Yarvis JS, Niles BL, Abdallah CG, Averill LA, Back SE, Baker MT, Blount TH, Borah AM, Borah EV, Brock MS, Brown LA, Burg MM, Cigrang JA, DeBeer BB, DeVoe ER, Fina BA, Flanagan JC, Fredman SJ, Gardner CL, Gatchel RR, Goodie JL, Gueorguieva R, Higgs JB, Jacoby VM, Kelly KM, Krystal JH, Lapiz-Bluhm MD, Lopez-Roca AL, Marx BP, Maurer DM, McDevitt-Murphy ME, McGeary CA, Meyer EC, Miles SR, Monson CM, Morilak DA, Moring JC, Mysliwiec V, Nicholson KL, Rauch SAM, Riggs DS, Rosen CS, Rudd MD, Schobitz RP, Schrader CC, Shinn AM, Shiroma PR, Sloan DM, Stern SL, Strong R, Vannoy SD, Young KA, Keane TM; STRONG STAR Consortium and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD. STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD: Shaping the future of combat PTSD and related conditions in military and veteran populations. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Nov;110:106583. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106583. Epub 2021 Sep 29.

  PMID: 34600107 BACKGROUND

• Brown LA, Zang Y, Benhamou K, Taylor DJ, Bryan CJ, Yarvis JS, Dondanville KA, Litz BT, Mintz J, Roache JD, Pruiksma KE, Fina BA, Young-McCaughan S, Peterson AL, Foa EB; STRONG STAR Consortium. Mediation of suicide ideation in prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2019 Aug;119:103409. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103409. Epub 2019 May 23.

  PMID: 31176888 BACKGROUND

• Brown LA, Bryan CJ, Butner JE, Tabares JV, Young-McCaughan S, Hale WJ, Fina BA, Foa EB, Resick PA, Taylor DJ, Coon H, Williamson DE, Dondanville KA, Borah EV, McLean CP, Wachen JS, Pruiksma KE, Hernandez AM, Litz BT, Mintz J, Yarvis JS, Borah AM, Nicholson KL, Maurer DM, Kelly KM, Peterson AL; STRONG STAR Consortium. Identifying suicidal subtypes and dynamic indicators of increasing and decreasing suicide risk in active duty military personnel: Study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2021 Feb 16;21:100752. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100752. eCollection 2021 Mar.

  PMID: 33748530 BACKGROUND

• Ben Barnes J, Presseau C, Jordan AH, Kline NK, Young-McCaughan S, Keane TM, Peterson AL, Litz BT; the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD. Common Data Elements in the Assessment of Military-Related PTSD Research Applied in the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD. Mil Med. 2019 May 1;184(5-6):e218-e226. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usy226.

  PMID: 30252077 BACKGROUND

• Taylor DJ, Peterson AL, Pruiksma KE, Hale WJ, Young-McCaughan S, Wilkerson A, Nicholson K, Litz BT, Dondanville KA, Roache JD, Borah EV, Brundige A, Mintz J; STRONG STAR Consortium. Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia disorder on sleep and comorbid symptoms in military personnel: a randomized clinical trial. Sleep. 2018 Jun 1;41(6). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsy069.

  PMID: 29618098 RESULT

• Taylor DJ, Peterson AL, Pruiksma KE, Young-McCaughan S, Nicholson K, Mintz J; STRONG STAR Consortium. Internet and In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Military Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Sleep. 2017 Jun 1;40(6). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx075.

  PMID: 28472528 RESULT

• Pruiksma KE, Hale WJ, Mintz J, Peterson AL, Young-McCaughan S, Wilkerson A, Nicholson K, Dondanville KA, Fina BA, Borah EV, Roache JD, Litz BT, Bryan CJ, Taylor DJ; STRONG STAR Consortium. Predictors of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBTi) Outcomes in Active-Duty U.S. Army Personnel. Behav Ther. 2020 Jul;51(4):522-534. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2020.02.001. Epub 2020 Feb 14.

  PMID: 32586427 RESULT

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Behavior; Depression; Substance-Related Disorders

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders; Behavioral Symptoms; Chemically-Induced Disorders

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Daniel J. Taylor, Ph.D.
• Organization: University of Arizona

danieljtaylor@arizona.edu

5206219289

Study Officials

• Daniel J Taylor, Ph.D.

  University of North Texas Health Science Center

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 3
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: February 4, 2012
• First Posted: March 9, 2012
• Study Start: March 1, 2012
• Primary Completion: September 1, 2015
• Study Completion: September 1, 2015
• Last Updated: April 17, 2025
• Results First Posted: April 17, 2025

Record last verified: 2025-04

Locations

US (1)