RESULT (REflux Surgery in Lung Transplantation) Preliminary Study Protocol

NCT01406210 | Completed

• 2 other identifiers: Pro000256181R34HL105422-01
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 647
• Locations: 2 countries
• Sites: 4

Brief Summary

The purpose of the prospective study is to collect information surrounding lung transplant in order to develop a randomized study to determine if prevention of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) related aspiration (stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus) by surgical fundoplication improves lung rejection. Lung transplantation has evolved into an effective treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease; however, a significant limitation to long-term survival is patients develop a condition of scarring known as chronic lung rejection, which can cause lung function to deteriorate, thereby reducing a patient's chances for survival. Preliminary research has shown a correlation between the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and impaired early lung rejection as assessed by a breathing test, FEV1 (the amount of forced expired air volume in 1 second). The Investigator is interested in learning more about this condition and the potential for aspiration (inhaling fluid) injury. The primary goal of this preliminary study will be to identify aspiration markers that are correlated with adverse clinical outcomes (increased early rejection, decreased FEV1) that may be used as inclusion criteria for the future randomized trial. The purpose of the retrospective study is to collect information surrounding lung transplant in order to develop a randomized study to determine if prevention of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) related aspiration (stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus) by surgical fundoplication improves lung rejection. The goal of this retrospective data collection is to review the following:

1. 1.subject outcome event rates for subjects with and without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for survival, Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS), acute rejection and Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV-1),
2. 2.the estimated treatment effect of fundoplication on the above event rates,
3. 3.a threshold effect for Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) and/or death are more likely to occur at higher or more proximal acid or non-acid contact times.

Conditions

Reflux; Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Keywords

Lung Transplant; REflux Surgery; Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD); Fundoplication

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• BAL aspiration markers

  For the prospective study analysis, we will be assessing the relationship of gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration post lung transplantation with the occurrence of lung allograft dysfunction by reviewing BAL samples prospectively collected in approximately 125 subjects. These BAL samples will be assayed for bile acids; pepsin, pepsinogen I and II; trypsin; gastrin, and LPS content. The correlation of the aspiration biomarkers to acute rejection, BOS, death and FEV-1 at one year will be assessed.

  1 year

• Death

  For the retrospective study, the first specific goal of data collection is outcome event rates for subjects with and without GERD for survival and the estimated treatment effect of fundoplication on the above event rates. A threshold effect for death is more likely to occur at higher or more proximal acid or non-acid contact times. Up to 5 years of follow-up data will be available for analysis with the primary comparison at one year. These data will be used to better design and coordinate a multicenter prospective study.

  1 year

• BOS

  For the retrospective study, the second specific goal of data collection is event rates for subjects with and without GERD for BOS and the estimated treatment effect of fundoplication on the above event rates. A threshold effect for BOS is more likely to occur at higher or more proximal acid or non-acid contact times. Up to 5 years of follow-up data will be available for analysis with the primary comparison at one year. These data will be used to better design and coordinate a multicenter prospective study.

  1 year

• FEV-1

  For the retrospective study, the third goal of data collection is evaluation of FEV-1 changes for subjects with and without GERD and the estimated treatment effect of fundoplication. Up to 5 years of follow-up data will be available for analysis with the primary comparison at one year. Data will be used to design a multicenter prospective study, address the role of GERD in lung allograft failure, the clinical utility of surgical fundoplication in preventing lung allograft injury, and the role that acid and non-acid reflux as related to aspiration causes lung allograft injury.

  1 year

• Acute Rejection

  For the retrospective study, the final goal of data collection is evaluation of acute rejection episodes for subjects with and without GERD and the estimated treatment effect of fundoplication. Up to 5 years of follow-up data will be available for analysis with the primary comparison at one year. Data will be used to design a multicenter prospective study and to address the role of GERD in lung allograft failure, the clinical utility of surgical fundoplication in preventing lung allograft injury, and the role that acid and non-acid reflux as related to aspiration causes lung allograft injury.

  1 year

Study Arms (2)

Prospective Group

Those patients that will be consented and data collected prospectively

Retrospective Group

Those charts that will be utilized to collect retrospective data, waiver of consent will be granted by the IRBs.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 16 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Male or non-pregnant female subject ≥16 years of age with a double-lung transplant who have undergone a 24-hour esophageal pH and/orimpedance probe study within 12 months prior to transplant and/or within 12 months following transplantation.

You may qualify if:

• Male or non-pregnant female subject
• years of age
• Recipient of a double-lung transplant
• Previously have a 24-hour esophageal pH and/or impedance probe study within 12 months prior to transplant and/or within 12 months following transplantation. If the subject expired prior to 12 months from transplant date, they must have had a 24-hour esophageal pH and/or impedance probe study to be eligible in the study.

You may not qualify if:

• Recipient of a single-lung transplant
• Recipient of a re-do lung transplant
• Recipient of a double-lung/heart or double-lung/ other organ transplant
• Do not have a 24-hour esophageal pH and/or impedance probe study within 12 months pre-transplant or within 12 months following transplantation. The subject expired less than 12 months post transplant without having a 24-hour esophageal pH and/or impedance probe study
• No Spirometry data is available for the subject
• Subject who is participating in any other interventional clinical study
• Unable to provide written informed consent or participate in long-term follow-up

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Duke University: lead
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI): collaborator

Study Sites (4)

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States

Location

Duke University Medical Center

Durham, North Carolina, 27710, United States

Location

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, United States

Location

University of Toronto

Toronto, Ontario, M5G2C4, Canada

Location

Related Publications (42)

• Estenne M, Maurer JR, Boehler A, Egan JJ, Frost A, Hertz M, Mallory GB, Snell GI, Yousem S. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 2001: an update of the diagnostic criteria. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2002 Mar;21(3):297-310. doi: 10.1016/s1053-2498(02)00398-4. No abstract available.

  PMID: 11897517 BACKGROUND

• Cooper JD, Billingham M, Egan T, Hertz MI, Higenbottam T, Lynch J, Mauer J, Paradis I, Patterson GA, Smith C, et al. A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature and for clinical staging of chronic dysfunction in lung allografts. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993 Sep-Oct;12(5):713-6.

  PMID: 8241207 BACKGROUND

• Kroshus TJ, Kshettry VR, Savik K, John R, Hertz MI, Bolman RM 3rd. Risk factors for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Aug;114(2):195-202. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5223(97)70144-2.

  PMID: 9270635 BACKGROUND

• Heng D, Sharples LD, McNeil K, Stewart S, Wreghitt T, Wallwork J. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: incidence, natural history, prognosis, and risk factors. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1998 Dec;17(12):1255-63.

  PMID: 9883768 BACKGROUND

• McKane BW, Trulock EP, Patterson GA, Mohanakumar T. Lung transplantation and bronchiolitis obliterans: an evolution in understanding. Immunol Res. 2001;24(2):177-90. doi: 10.1385/IR:24:2:177.

  PMID: 11594455 BACKGROUND

• Boehler A, Estenne M. Obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2000 Mar;6(2):133-9. doi: 10.1097/00063198-200003000-00009.

  PMID: 10741773 BACKGROUND

• Snell GI, Esmore DS, Williams TJ. Cytolytic therapy for the bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome complicating lung transplantation. Chest. 1996 Apr;109(4):874-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.109.4.874.

  PMID: 8635363 BACKGROUND

• Kesten S, Rajagopalan N, Maurer J. Cytolytic therapy for the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome following lung transplantation. Transplantation. 1996 Feb 15;61(3):427-30. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199602150-00019.

  PMID: 8610355 BACKGROUND

• Speich R, Boehler A, Russi EW, Weder W. A case report of a double-blind, randomized trial of inhaled steroids in a patient with lung transplant bronchiolitis obliterans. Respiration. 1997;64(5):375-80. doi: 10.1159/000196708.

  PMID: 9311056 BACKGROUND

• Iacono AT, Keenan RJ, Duncan SR, Smaldone GC, Dauber JH, Paradis IL, Ohori NP, Grgurich WF, Burckart GJ, Zeevi A, Delgado E, O'Riordan TG, Zendarsky MM, Yousem SA, Griffith BP. Aerosolized cyclosporine in lung recipients with refractory chronic rejection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Apr;153(4 Pt 1):1451-5. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.153.4.8616581.

  PMID: 8616581 BACKGROUND

• Dusmet M, Maurer J, Winton T, Kesten S. Methotrexate can halt the progression of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1996 Sep;15(9):948-54.

  PMID: 8889991 BACKGROUND

• Reichenspurner H, Meiser BM, Kur F, Wagner F, Welz A, Uberfuhr P, Briegel H, Reichart B. First experience with FK 506 for treatment of chronic pulmonary rejection. Transplant Proc. 1995 Jun;27(3):2009. No abstract available.

  PMID: 7540775 BACKGROUND

• Kesten S, Chaparro C, Scavuzzo M, Gutierrez C. Tacrolimus as rescue therapy for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1997 Sep;16(9):905-12.

  PMID: 9322139 BACKGROUND

• Speich R, Boehler A, Thurnheer R, Weder W. Salvage therapy with mycophenolate mofetil for lung transplant bronchiolitis obliterans: importance of dosage. Transplantation. 1997 Aug 15;64(3):533-5. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199708150-00027.

  PMID: 9275125 BACKGROUND

• Whyte RI, Rossi SJ, Mulligan MS, Florn R, Baker L, Gupta S, Martinez FJ, Lynch JP 3rd. Mycophenolate mofetil for obliterative bronchiolitis syndrome after lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997 Oct;64(4):945-8. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(97)00845-x.

  PMID: 9354506 BACKGROUND

• Diamond DA, Michalski JM, Lynch JP, Trulock EP 3rd. Efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation for chronic allograft rejection following bilateral lung transplantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998 Jul 1;41(4):795-800. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00113-8.

  PMID: 9652840 BACKGROUND

• Higenbottam T, Jackson M, Woolman P, Lowry R, Wallwork J. The cough response to ultrasonically nebulized distilled water in heart-lung transplantation patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jul;140(1):58-61. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/140.1.58.

  PMID: 2502056 BACKGROUND

• Rivero DH, Lorenzi-Filho G, Pazetti R, Jatene FB, Saldiva PH. Effects of bronchial transection and reanastomosis on mucociliary system. Chest. 2001 May;119(5):1510-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.119.5.1510.

  PMID: 11348961 BACKGROUND

• Tomkiewicz RP, App EM, Shennib H, Ramirez O, Nguyen D, King M. Airway mucus and epithelial function in a canine model of single lung autotransplantation. Chest. 1995 Jan;107(1):261-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.107.1.261.

  PMID: 7813288 BACKGROUND

• Veale D, Glasper PN, Gascoigne A, Dark JH, Gibson GJ, Corris PA. Ciliary beat frequency in transplanted lungs. Thorax. 1993 Jun;48(6):629-31. doi: 10.1136/thx.48.6.629.

  PMID: 8346493 BACKGROUND

• Herve P, Silbert D, Cerrina J, Simonneau G, Dartevelle P. Impairment of bronchial mucociliary clearance in long-term survivors of heart/lung and double-lung transplantation. The Paris-Sud Lung Transplant Group. Chest. 1993 Jan;103(1):59-63. doi: 10.1378/chest.103.1.59.

  PMID: 8380268 BACKGROUND

• Blondeau K, Mertens V, Vanaudenaerde BA, Verleden GM, Van Raemdonck DE, Sifrim D, Dupont LJ. Nocturnal weakly acidic reflux promotes aspiration of bile acids in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009 Feb;28(2):141-8. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.906.

  PMID: 19201339 BACKGROUND

• Sweet MP, Herbella FA, Leard L, Hoopes C, Golden J, Hays S, Patti MG. The prevalence of distal and proximal gastroesophageal reflux in patients awaiting lung transplantation. Ann Surg. 2006 Oct;244(4):491-7. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000237757.49687.03.

  PMID: 16998357 BACKGROUND

• Savarino E, Bazzica M, Zentilin P, Pohl D, Parodi A, Cittadini G, Negrini S, Indiveri F, Tutuian R, Savarino V, Ghio M. Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary fibrosis in scleroderma: a study using pH-impedance monitoring. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Mar 1;179(5):408-13. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200808-1359OC. Epub 2008 Dec 18.

  PMID: 19096004 BACKGROUND

• Sweet MP, Patti MG, Hoopes C, Hays SR, Golden JA. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration in patients with advanced lung disease. Thorax. 2009 Feb;64(2):167-73. doi: 10.1136/thx.2007.082719.

  PMID: 19176842 BACKGROUND

• Benden C, Aurora P, Curry J, Whitmore P, Priestley L, Elliott MJ. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in children after lung transplantation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2005 Jul;40(1):68-71. doi: 10.1002/ppul.20234.

  PMID: 15880421 BACKGROUND

• Palmer SM, Miralles AP, Howell DN, Brazer SR, Tapson VF, Davis RD. Gastroesophageal reflux as a reversible cause of allograft dysfunction after lung transplantation. Chest. 2000 Oct;118(4):1214-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.118.4.1214.

  PMID: 11035701 BACKGROUND

• Rinaldi M, Martinelli L, Volpato G, Pederzolli C, Silvestri M, Pederzolli N, Arbustini E, Vigano M. Gastro-esophageal reflux as cause of obliterative bronchiolitis: a case report. Transplant Proc. 1995 Jun;27(3):2006-7. No abstract available.

  PMID: 7792868 BACKGROUND

• Young LR, Hadjiliadis D, Davis RD, Palmer SM. Lung transplantation exacerbates gastroesophageal reflux disease. Chest. 2003 Nov;124(5):1689-93. doi: 10.1378/chest.124.5.1689.

  PMID: 14605036 BACKGROUND

• Stovold R, Forrest IA, Corris PA, Murphy DM, Smith JA, Decalmer S, Johnson GE, Dark JH, Pearson JP, Ward C. Pepsin, a biomarker of gastric aspiration in lung allografts: a putative association with rejection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Jun 15;175(12):1298-303. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200610-1485OC. Epub 2007 Apr 5.

  PMID: 17413126 BACKGROUND

• Meltzer AJ, Weiss MJ, Veillette GR, Sahara H, Ng CY, Cochrane ME, Houser SL, Sachs DH, Rosengard BR, Madsen JC, Wain JC, Allan JS. Repetitive gastric aspiration leads to augmented indirect allorecognition after lung transplantation in miniature swine. Transplantation. 2008 Dec 27;86(12):1824-9. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e318190afe6.

  PMID: 19104429 BACKGROUND

• Hartwig MG, Appel JZ, Li B, Hsieh CC, Yoon YH, Lin SS, Irish W, Parker W, Davis RD. Chronic aspiration of gastric fluid accelerates pulmonary allograft dysfunction in a rat model of lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Jan;131(1):209-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.06.054. Epub 2005 Dec 9.

  PMID: 16399314 BACKGROUND

• Downing TE, Sporn TA, Bollinger RR, Davis RD, Parker W, Lin SS. Pulmonary histopathology in an experimental model of chronic aspiration is independent of acidity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2008 Oct;233(10):1202-12. doi: 10.3181/0801-RM-17. Epub 2008 Jul 18.

  PMID: 18641054 BACKGROUND

• Li B, Hartwig MG, Appel JZ, Bush EL, Balsara KR, Holzknecht ZE, Collins BH, Howell DN, Parker W, Lin SS, Davis RD. Chronic aspiration of gastric fluid induces the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in rat lung transplants. Am J Transplant. 2008 Aug;8(8):1614-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02298.x. Epub 2008 Jun 28.

  PMID: 18557728 BACKGROUND

• Hadjiliadis D, Davis RD, Lawrence CM, Rea JB, Tapson V, Brazer SR, Palmer SM. Associatioin of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in Lung Transplant Recipients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(5):A325.

  BACKGROUND

• Hadjiliadis D, Duane Davis R, Steele MP, Messier RH, Lau CL, Eubanks SS, Palmer SM. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in lung transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 2003 Aug;17(4):363-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0012.2003.00060.x.

  PMID: 12868994 BACKGROUND

• Cantu E 3rd, Appel JZ 3rd, Hartwig MG, Woreta H, Green C, Messier R, Palmer SM, Davis RD Jr. J. Maxwell Chamberlain Memorial Paper. Early fundoplication prevents chronic allograft dysfunction in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Oct;78(4):1142-51; discussion 1142-51. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.04.044.

  PMID: 15464462 BACKGROUND

• D'Ovidio F, Mura M, Tsang M, Waddell TK, Hutcheon MA, Singer LG, Hadjiliadis D, Chaparro C, Gutierrez C, Pierre A, Darling G, Liu M, Keshavjee S. Bile acid aspiration and the development of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 May;129(5):1144-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.10.035.

  PMID: 15867792 BACKGROUND

• S.C Murthy1 ERN, D.P. Mason1, M.M. Budev2, A.I. Nunez1, L. Thuita3, J.T. Chapman2, G.B. Pettersson1, E.H. Blackstone1, 3 Preoperative Gastroesophageal Reflux Impacts Early Outcomes after Lung Transplantation. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 2009 February 28(2):S214.

  BACKGROUND

• Lau CL, Palmer SM, Hadjiliadis D, Pappas TN, Eubanks W, Davis RD. Anti-reflux surgery improves pulmonary function in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2002;21(1):108.

  BACKGROUND

• Davis RD Jr, Lau CL, Eubanks S, Messier RH, Hadjiliadis D, Steele MP, Palmer SM. Improved lung allograft function after fundoplication in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease undergoing lung transplantation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003 Mar;125(3):533-42. doi: 10.1067/mtc.2003.166.

  PMID: 12658195 BACKGROUND

• Hartwig MG, Appel JZ, Davis RD. Antireflux surgery in the setting of lung transplantation: strategies for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease in a high-risk population. Thorac Surg Clin. 2005 Aug;15(3):417-27. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2005.03.001.

  PMID: 16104132 BACKGROUND

Biospecimen

Retention: SAMPLES WITHOUT DNA

The bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF) will be drawn during the bronchoscopy site and approximately up to 10 ml of the bronchiolar lavage (BAL) fluid will be placed in 7 storage vials (approximately 1.5 ml per vial), frozen using liquid nitrogen as the freezing agent, and shipped on dry ice to Duke University Medical Center and/or University of Toronto. Frozen samples will be stored at -80 °C to -85 °C until shipping, and the time between collection and freezing will be recorded. The tests used to assess the bronchiolar lavage fluid (BALF) may include, but are not limited to the following: Gastrin, Pepsinogen I, Pepsinogen II, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Bile acids (colorimetric and enzymatic approaches), and proteome assessment by mass spectrometry.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Gastroesophageal Reflux

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Esophageal Motility Disorders; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Digestive System Diseases

Study Officials

• Robert D. Davis, MD

  Duke University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

• Scott Palmer, MD

  Duke University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE ONLY
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 28, 2011
• First Posted: August 1, 2011
• Study Start: September 1, 2011
• Primary Completion: June 1, 2013
• Study Completion: August 1, 2013
• Last Updated: September 12, 2014

Record last verified: 2014-09

Locations

US (3); CA (1)