Motivation and Skills for Detained Teen Smokers

NCT01387516 | Completed Results DMC

• 1 other identifier: R01DA020731
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 314
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The long-term objective of this research is to increase the investigators understanding of effective smoking interventions for understudied adolescents at high risk for continued smoking into adulthood. This randomized clinical trial uses a 2 x 2 between groups design to investigate Motivational Interviewing (MI) versus Relaxation Therapy (RT), and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) versus Self-Help Programming (SHP). Treatments are provided during brief stay in detention and adolescents are followed after release. The investigators seek to increase quit rates post-release, and the investigators will examine the moderating and mediating effects of motivation, anger, and self-efficacy. The investigators will study main effects for treatment as well as whether the combination of MI/CBT is more effective than other treatments in enhancing quit rates. Frequently, treatment for smoking cessation is unavailable to youths in the juvenile justice system, and when treatment is available, it may be provided using untested therapies. This study extends previous research by rigorously evaluating smoking cessation interventions specifically for teens at highest risk for continued smoking in adulthood. The investigators will examine processes contributing to the efficacy of treatments. The development of effective smoking interventions for juvenile detainees has the potential to reduce a significant public health concern in this undeserved and high-risk population.

Conditions

Motivational Intervention; Nicotine Anonymous; Cognitive Behavior Therapy; Relaxation Therapy

Keywords

nicotine; juveniles; detention

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (4)

• Cigarette Use, Average # of Cigarettes Per Smoking Day.

  Using a 60-day TLFB we collected the average number of cigarettes smoked per smoking day at 6-month follow-ups

  6 months post release

• Number of Subjects Who Were Verified Abstinent From Smoking Using CO Levels and Cotinine in the Saliva

  A smokelyzer and a saliva sample are used to get information on CO levels and cotinine in the saliva as biochemical markers for our research. These levels will determine if the participant is verified as being abstinent from smoking during the week before collection.

  6 months post release

• American Thoracic Society Questionnaire (ATSQ)

  This validated 8 item measure assesses the frequency of experiencing several respiratory symptoms using a 5 point Likert scale from 1, never to 5, every day. The minimum score is 8 indicating no experience of respiratory symptoms and the maximum score is 40 which indicates a high frequency of experiencing respiratory symptoms.

  6 months post release

• Percent Smoking Days

  Using a Time-Line Follow-back, we calculated percent smoking days for a 60 day period at 6-month follow-up. This is the percentage of smoking days a participant had out of possible smoking days (days for which the participant was not in a controlled environment where they did not have access to cigarettes).

  6 months post release

Study Arms (4)

Motivational Intervention

EXPERIMENTAL

Motivational Interviewing (MI) will be a 60-90 minutes individual session.The focus is on establishing rapport and building motivation. The counselor explores youth's reasons for entering treatment, prior treatment experience, previous attempts to change use, possible goals for treatment, substance effect expectancy, and perceptions of self-efficacy. A personalized feedback report outlines assessment results, highlights any problems or concerns related to cigarette use expressed by teen, and compares tobacco use levels with national norms for same age and gender peers.

Behavioral: Motivational Intervention

Relaxation Intervention

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

The Relaxation Therapy intervention is a 60-90 minute individual session. The session encompasses several techniques, including Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Visualization-Imagination, and as a whole is really a meditation protocol.

Behavioral: Relaxation Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

EXPERIMENTAL

The Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Intervention is administered during two 90 minute group sessions. The focus is on the interrelationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It is used to address specific deficits, such as improving problem solving skills and developing social supports, and behaviors such as substance abuse and smoking.

Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Self-Help Programming

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Self Help intervention is administered during two 90 minute group sessions. The intervention modules are based on the principles of Nicotine Anonymous (NicA), to provide those who use nicotine but wants a nicotine-free life, with a community of people that has also experienced nicotine addiction and strives to be nicotine free. Elements incorporated in this intervention include the 12 Steps and the NicA "tools" (i.e., meetings, phone list, literature, sponsorship, and service) to facilitate and maintain abstinence from nicotine.

Behavioral: Self-Help Programming

Interventions

Motivational Intervention BEHAVIORAL

The MI session will be 60-90 minutes in length.The focus is on establishing rapport and building motivation. The counselor explores teen's reasons for entering treatment, prior treatment experience, previous attempts to change use, possible goals for treatment, substance effect expectancies, and perceptions of self-efficacy.A personalized feedback report outlines assessment results, highlights any problems or concerns related to cigarette use expressed by teen, and compares tobacco use levels with national norms for same age and gender peers.

Also known as: Motivational Enhancement Therapy

Motivational Intervention

Relaxation Therapy BEHAVIORAL

The Relaxation Therapy intervention encompasses several techniques, including Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Visualization-Imagination, and meditation to reduce stress; which may lead to substance use.

Relaxation Intervention

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy BEHAVIORAL

The Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Intervention focuses on the interrelationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It addresses specific deficits, such as improving problem solving skills and developing social supports, and behaviors such as substance abuse and smoking.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Self-Help Programming BEHAVIORAL

The Self-Help Programming intervention combines elements of Nicotine anonymous (NicA) to provide someone who uses nicotine but wants a nicotine-free life, with a community of people that has also experienced nicotine addiction and strives to be nicotine free. It incorporate the 12 Steps and the NicA "tools" (i.e., meetings, phone list, literature, sponsorship, and service) to facilitate and maintain abstinence from nicotine.

Also known as: Nicotine Anonymous

Self-Help Programming

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 13 Years - 19 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• years old,
• smokes average of 1 cigarette or cigarillo per day
• in facility for at least 4 days.

You may not qualify if:

• non-smoker,
• not in facility long enough (i.e. 4 days).

Sponsors & Collaborators

• University of Rhode Island: lead

Study Sites (1)

Rhode Island Training School

Cranston, Rhode Island, 02920, United States

Location

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Motivational Interviewing; Relaxation Therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Directive Counseling; Counseling; Mental Health Services; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities; Health Services; Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services; Mind-Body Therapies; Complementary Therapies; Therapeutics; Behavior Therapy; Psychotherapy

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Dr. Lynda Stein, Ph.D.
• Organization: University of Rhode Island

lynda_stein@uri.edu

401-874-5562

Study Officials

• Lynda Stein, Ph.D.

  University of RI

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: Yes

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: FACTORIAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Professor

Model Details: This clinical trial uses a 2 x 2 between groups factorial design to investigate Motivational Interviewing versus Relaxation Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy versus Self-Help Programming.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: May 25, 2011
• First Posted: July 4, 2011
• Study Start: July 1, 2007
• Primary Completion: May 1, 2014
• Study Completion: May 1, 2014
• Last Updated: April 30, 2025
• Results First Posted: April 20, 2020

Record last verified: 2025-04

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

US (1)