Milrinone Inhaled in Cardiac Surgery

NCT00819377 | Completed Phase 2

• 1 other identifier: 08-1004
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 124
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Pulmonary hypertension is an important morbidity factor in patients having to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (ECC). Milrinone used in inhalation, shows evidence of being a pulmonary vasodilator able to possibly contribute to the reduction of pressure on the pulmonary artery.

Conditions

Valvular Stenosis; Valvular Insufficiency; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Coronary Artery Disease

Keywords

Valvular surgery; pulmonary artery pressure

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• To demonstrate that inhaled milrinone administered before CPB is superior to placebo in reducing the severity of difficult separation from bypass

  End of CPB

Secondary Outcomes (5)

• Reduction in morbidity and mortality post-op

  At discharge, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year by telephone

• Reduction in pulmonary artery pressure

  Same day before and after CPB

• Right ventricular function measured using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and TEE

  Same day before and after the CPB

• Serum levels of milrinone in relation with the pharmacodynamic marker

  Same day pre CPB per CPB and post CPB

• reduction of the composite index of hemodynamic complications (defined as hospital death, vasoactive drugs > 24 hours and post-op cardiac arrest),

  24 hrs post op and hospital discharge

Study Arms (2)

Normal saline

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Normal saline by inhalation over 15 min

Drug: Normal saline

Milrinone

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Inhaled milrinone 5 mg(as for the injectable solution)

Drug: Milrinone

Interventions

Milrinone DRUG

inhaled milrinone 5 mg (as for the injectable solution)

Also known as: Milrinone Cardiac Surgery, Milrinone inhaled, Inhaled milrinone reduces pulmonary artery pressure

Milrinone

Normal saline DRUG

5 ml normal saline by inhalation over 15 min

Also known as: Placebo, Comparator

Normal saline

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 90 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Adult patients scheduled for elective valvular or complex (2 or more valves or
• valve and revascularization) cardiac surgery under CPB with preoperative PHT defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) over 30 mmHg or
• systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) over 40 mmHg (using preoperative right-sided catheterization or estimated by echocardiography).

You may not qualify if:

• Cardiac surgery not requiring CPB, contraindication to TEE (esophageal pathology or unstable cervical spine) and emergency surgery.
• Patients will be recruited the day before surgery and randomized using computerized cards by the pharmacy department

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Andre Denault: lead
• Heart and stoke fondation of Quebec: collaborator
• Organon: collaborator
• Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Montreal Heart Institute

Montreal, Quebec, H1T 1C8, Canada

Location

Related Publications (28)

• Baim DS, McDowell AV, Cherniles J, Monrad ES, Parker JA, Edelson J, Braunwald E, Grossman W. Evaluation of a new bipyridine inotropic agent--milrinone--in patients with severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1983 Sep 29;309(13):748-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198309293091302.

  PMID: 6888453 BACKGROUND

• Denault AY, Lamarche Y, Couture P, Haddad F, Lambert J, Tardif JC, Perrault LP. Inhaled milrinone: a new alternative in cardiac surgery? Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Dec;10(4):346-60. doi: 10.1177/1089253206294400.

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• Omae T, Kakihana Y, Mastunaga A, Tsuneyoshi I, Kawasaki K, Kanmura Y, Sakata R. Hemodynamic changes during off-pump coronary artery bypass anastomosis in patients with coexisting mitral regurgitation: improvement with milrinone. Anesth Analg. 2005 Jul;101(1):2-8, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000155262.37491.6A.

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• Kikura M, Levy JH, Michelsen LG, Shanewise JS, Bailey JM, Sadel SM, Szlam F. The effect of milrinone on hemodynamics and left ventricular function after emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1997 Jul;85(1):16-22. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199707000-00004.

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• Lobato EB, Florete O Jr, Bingham HL. A single dose of milrinone facilitates separation from cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with pre-existing left ventricular dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Nov;81(5):782-4. doi: 10.1093/bja/81.5.782.

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• Shibata T, Suehiro S, Sasaki Y, Hosono M, Nishi S, Kinoshita H. Slow induction of milrinone after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Feb;7(1):23-7.

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• Kim JH, Ham BM, Kim YL, Bahk JH, Ryu HG, Jeon YS, Kim KB. Prophylactic milrinone during OPCAB of posterior vessels: implication in angina patients taking beta-blockers. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Nov;24(5):770-6. doi: 10.1016/s1010-7940(03)00393-2.

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• Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM, Kulik TJ, Nelson DP, Chang AC, Bailey JM, Akbary A, Kocsis JF, Kaczmarek R, Spray TL, Wessel DL. Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2003 Feb 25;107(7):996-1002. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000051365.81920.28.

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• Maslow AD, Regan MM, Schwartz C, Bert A, Singh A. Inotropes improve right heart function in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Anesth Analg. 2004 Apr;98(4):891-902. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000107940.23783.33.

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• Doolan LA, Jones EF, Kalman J, Buxton BF, Tonkin AM. A placebo-controlled trial verifying the efficacy of milrinone in weaning high-risk patients from cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1997 Feb;11(1):37-41. doi: 10.1016/s1053-0770(97)90250-0.

  PMID: 9058218 BACKGROUND

• Yamada T, Takeda J, Katori N, Tsuzaki K, Ochiai R. Hemodynamic effects of milrinone during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass: comparison of patients with a low and high prebypass cardiac index. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000 Aug;14(4):367-73. doi: 10.1053/jcan.2000.7920.

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• Solina A, Papp D, Ginsberg S, Krause T, Grubb W, Scholz P, Pena LL, Cody R. A comparison of inhaled nitric oxide and milrinone for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adult cardiac surgery patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000 Feb;14(1):12-7. doi: 10.1016/s1053-0770(00)90048-x.

  PMID: 10698385 BACKGROUND

• Denault AY, Chaput M, Couture P, Hebert Y, Haddad F, Tardif JC. Dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Jul;132(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.03.014.

  PMID: 16798301 BACKGROUND

• Couture P, Denault AY, Pellerin M, Tardif JC. Milrinone enhances systolic, but not diastolic function during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2007 Jul;54(7):509-22. doi: 10.1007/BF03022314.

  PMID: 17602036 BACKGROUND

• Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, Ivanhoe RJ, DiBianco R, Zeldis SM, Hendrix GH, Bommer WJ, Elkayam U, Kukin ML, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1991 Nov 21;325(21):1468-75. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199111213252103.

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• Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, Massie BM, O'Connor CM, Pina I, Quigg R, Silver MA, Gheorghiade M; Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure (OPTIME-CHF) Investigators. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Mar 27;287(12):1541-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.12.1541.

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• Lamarche Y, Malo O, Thorin E, Denault A, Carrier M, Roy J, Perrault LP. Inhaled but not intravenous milrinone prevents pulmonary endothelial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Jul;130(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.09.011.

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• Haraldsson s A, Kieler-Jensen N, Ricksten SE. The additive pulmonary vasodilatory effects of inhaled prostacyclin and inhaled milrinone in postcardiac surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension. Anesth Analg. 2001 Dec;93(6):1439-45, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200112000-00018.

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• Sablotzki A, Starzmann W, Scheubel R, Grond S, Czeslick EG. Selective pulmonary vasodilation with inhaled aerosolized milrinone in heart transplant candidates. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Dec;52(10):1076-82. doi: 10.1007/BF03021608.

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• Lamarche Y, Perrault LP, Maltais S, Tetreault K, Lambert J, Denault AY. Preliminary experience with inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Jun;31(6):1081-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.02.019. Epub 2007 Apr 2.

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• Robitaille A, Denault AY, Couture P, Belisle S, Fortier A, Guertin MC, Carrier M, Martineau R. Importance of relative pulmonary hypertension in cardiac surgery: the mean systemic-to-pulmonary artery pressure ratio. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Jun;20(3):331-9. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2005.11.018. Epub 2006 Apr 19.

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• Lindsay CA, Barton P, Lawless S, Kitchen L, Zorka A, Garcia J, Kouatli A, Giroir B. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milrinone lactate in pediatric patients with septic shock. J Pediatr. 1998 Feb;132(2):329-34. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70454-8.

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• Oddie CJ, Jackman GP, Bobik A. Analysis of milrinone in plasma using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1986 Jan 10;374(1):209-14. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83274-0. No abstract available.

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  PMID: 7486179 BACKGROUND

• Denault AY, Bussieres JS, Arellano R, Finegan B, Gavra P, Haddad F, Nguyen AQN, Varin F, Fortier A, Levesque S, Shi Y, Elmi-Sarabi M, Tardif JC, Perrault LP, Lambert J. A multicentre randomized-controlled trial of inhaled milrinone in high-risk cardiac surgical patients. Can J Anaesth. 2016 Oct;63(10):1140-1153. doi: 10.1007/s12630-016-0709-8. Epub 2016 Jul 28.

  PMID: 27470232 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Hypertension, Pulmonary; Coronary Artery Disease

Interventions

Milrinone; Saline Solution

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Lung Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Hypertension; Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Disease; Myocardial Ischemia; Heart Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Amrinone; Aminopyridines; Amines; Organic Chemicals; Pyridines; Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds; Crystalloid Solutions; Isotonic Solutions; Solutions; Pharmaceutical Preparations

Study Officials

• Denault André, MD FRCPC

  Montreal Heart Institute

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 2
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: MD FRCPC ABIM-CCM

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: January 8, 2009
• First Posted: January 9, 2009
• Study Start: February 1, 2009
• Primary Completion: January 1, 2012
• Study Completion: December 1, 2012
• Last Updated: October 25, 2013

Record last verified: 2013-10

Locations

CA (1)