NCT00341289

Brief Summary

This study will examine the relationship between swimming lessons, swimming ability, and other risk factors or protective factors, and the risk of drowning among children. The study's primary focus is on children between 1 and 4 years of age, with a secondary focus on older children up to 19 years of age. Drowning is the second leading cause of accidental death among children under 5 years of age, with drowning rates peaking among 1- to 2- year-olds. The study will examine the circumstances of cases of children between 1 and 19 years of age who have drowned in a body of water where swimming ability might have been a risk factor, such as a pool, Jacuzzi, hot tub, pond, lake, river, canal quarry, irrigation ditch, dam, or ocean. (Drowning is defined as death from asphyxia while submerged, or within 24 hours of the submersion.) The victims' parents or guardians will be interviewed about their child's general health, temperament, motor development, swimming ability, history of swimming lessons, and exposure to water. In addition, they will be asked about environmental factors related to the child's drowning, such as if a lifeguard was present or if, in the case of a pool drowning, there was a fence around the pool. They will be asked about parental norms regarding child supervision and pool-provider advice regarding swimming instruction. Parents of older children will be asked about their child's risk-taking and sensation-seeking behaviors. Information on additional risk factors, such as the remoteness of the site of the drowning and the victim's blood alcohol level will also be obtained. The above information will be compared with similar information gathered from parents of control subjects-that is, children who are the same age as the victims and who live in the same geographic area. For adolescent cases, information about swimming in unguarded sites or drinking alcoholic beverages while in or around water will be obtained from direct interviews with adolescents, as parents may not have accurate information in these areas. The information gained from this study will provide guidance for the development of interventions to prevent childhood drowning.

Trial Health

80
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
1,430

participants targeted

Target at P75+ for all trials

Geographic Reach
1 country

1 active site

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

March 17, 2003

Completed
3.3 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

June 19, 2006

Completed
2 days until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

June 21, 2006

Completed
7 months until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

January 10, 2007

Completed
Last Updated

July 2, 2017

Status Verified

September 2, 2009

Enrollment Period

3.8 years

First QC Date

June 19, 2006

Last Update Submit

June 30, 2017

Conditions

Drowning

Keywords

SubmersionEpidemiologyFatalChildSwimDrowningSurvey

Eligibility Criteria

Age1 Year - 20 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

  • Drowning in which the submersion event occurred during the study period. Drowning is defined as death from asphyxia due to submersion in a liquid medium.
  • Age: Greater than or equal to 12 months and less than 20 years at the time of the event.
  • Site of submersion: Open body of water (such as a pool, Jacuzzi, hot tub, pond, lake, river, canal, quarry, irrigation ditch, dam, or ocean).
  • Place of residence: Cases and their parent/guardian must be residents of the United States.

You may not qualify if:

  • Ice Water Submersions, submersions that are intentional or suspected of being intentional, motor vehicle related drownings, submersions in bathtubs, toilets, sinks, or buckets.
  • Controls will be children, who have not experienced a serious submersion event (as defined above), and who reside in the same geographic area as cases.
  • Greater than or equal to 12 months and less than 20 years on the reference date (date of submersion for matched case).
  • Place of residence: Controls and their parent/guardian must reside in the United States and will be matched to cases by county of residence.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (1)

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 9000 Rockville

Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

  • Gulaid JA, Sattin RW. Drownings in the United States, 1978-1984. MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1988 Feb;37(1):27-33. No abstract available.

    PMID: 3127683BACKGROUND

  • Quan L, Gore EJ, Wentz K, Allen J, Novack AH. Ten-year study of pediatric drownings and near-drownings in King County, Washington: lessons in injury prevention. Pediatrics. 1989 Jun;83(6):1035-40.

    PMID: 2726330BACKGROUND

  • Wintemute GJ. Childhood drowning and near-drowning in the United States. Am J Dis Child. 1990 Jun;144(6):663-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150300061018.

    PMID: 2189297BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Drowning

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

DeathPathologic ProcessesPathological Conditions, Signs and SymptomsWounds and Injuries

Study Design

Study Type
observational
Sponsor Type
NIH

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

June 19, 2006

First Posted

June 21, 2006

Study Start

March 17, 2003

Primary Completion

January 10, 2007

Last Updated

July 2, 2017

Record last verified: 2009-09-02

Locations

US(1)