Drowning-related OHCA in Denmark: A Six-year Registry-based Study

NCT05323097 | Completed DMC

• 1 other identifier: DROWN_OHCA
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 31,200
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Within a six-year period from 2016-2021, this retrospective cohort study aims to: 1) report the national incidence of drowning related OHCA's among cases attended by the Danish Emergency Medical Services (EMS), 2) assess survival defined as return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) on scene, by hospital admission and 30-day survival. Furthermore, aspects associated with better outcome are evaluated including actions taken by EMS-personnel and laypersons, geographical localization, type of activity, witnessed event, EMS response times, bystander CPR, initial rhythm, use of defibrillator, airway devices, pre-hospital medication, and patient demographics. This can potentially result in recommendations towards certain educative, preventative, rescue, or treatment strategies to reduce OHCA from drowning.

Conditions

Drowning; Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Keywords

Drowning; Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Water; Register study; Retrospective

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• 30-day survival

  Alive or Dead 30 days after the event.

  30-day after OHCA

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Annual incidence and survival rates of drowning-related OHCA per 100,000 from 2016-2021

  Annually from 2016-2021 (at the end of the year)

• Map of drowning-related OHCA in Denmark from 2016-2021

  5-year period from 2016-2021

• Survival status at hospital admission

  At hospital admission within 24 hours after admission

Study Arms (2)

Drowning-related OHCA

Drowning-related OHCA: YES

Other: Drowning-related OHCA

All other OHCA

Drowning-related OHCA: NO

Interventions

Drowning-related OHCA OTHER

Drowning-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA): YES

Drowning-related OHCA

Eligibility Criteria

• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

All Danish citizens with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the period from 2016-2021.

You may qualify if:

• Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA)

You may not qualify if:

• Obvious clinical signs of irreversible death (decapitation, decomposition, postmortem lividity, postmortem rigidity)

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Prehospital Center, Region Zealand: lead

Study Sites (1)

Prehospital Center

Næstved, Region Sjælland, 4700, Denmark

Location

Related Publications (10)

• Weiss J; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention. Prevention of drowning. Pediatrics. 2010 Jul;126(1):e253-62. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-1265. Epub 2010 May 24.

  PMID: 20498167 BACKGROUND

• Schmidt AC, Sempsrott JR, Szpilman D, Queiroga AC, Davison MS, Zeigler RJ, McAlister SJ. The use of non-uniform drowning terminology: a follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017 Jul 17;25(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s13049-017-0405-x.

  PMID: 28716063 BACKGROUND

• Papa L, Hoelle R, Idris A. Systematic review of definitions for drowning incidents. Resuscitation. 2005 Jun;65(3):255-64. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.11.030.

  PMID: 15919561 BACKGROUND

• Lu TH, Lunetta P, Walker S. Quality of cause-of-death reporting using ICD-10 drowning codes: a descriptive study of 69 countries. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010 Apr 8;10:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-10-30.

  PMID: 20374660 BACKGROUND

• Steensberg J. Epidemiology of accidental drowning in Denmark 1989-1993. Accid Anal Prev. 1998 Nov;30(6):755-62. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(98)00028-1.

  PMID: 9805518 BACKGROUND

• Mackie IJ. Patterns of drowning in Australia, 1992-1997. Med J Aust. 1999 Dec 6-20;171(11-12):587-90. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1999.tb123808.x.

  PMID: 10721338 BACKGROUND

• Truhlar A, Deakin CD, Soar J, Khalifa GE, Alfonzo A, Bierens JJ, Brattebo G, Brugger H, Dunning J, Hunyadi-Anticevic S, Koster RW, Lockey DJ, Lott C, Paal P, Perkins GD, Sandroni C, Thies KC, Zideman DA, Nolan JP; Cardiac arrest in special circumstances section Collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 4. Cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:148-201. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.017. Epub 2015 Oct 15. No abstract available.

  PMID: 26477412 BACKGROUND

• Venema AM, Groothoff JW, Bierens JJ. The role of bystanders during rescue and resuscitation of drowning victims. Resuscitation. 2010 Apr;81(4):434-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Feb 10.

  PMID: 20149515 BACKGROUND

• Idris AH, Berg RA, Bierens J, Bossaert L, Branche CM, Gabrielli A, Graves SA, Handley AJ, Hoelle R, Morley PT, Papa L, Pepe PE, Quan L, Szpilman D, Wigginton JG, Modell JH; American Heart Association. Recommended guidelines for uniform reporting of data from drowning: the "Utstein style". Circulation. 2003 Nov 18;108(20):2565-74. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000099581.70012.68. No abstract available.

  PMID: 14623794 BACKGROUND

• Breindahl N, Wolthers SA, Jensen TW, Holgersen MG, Blomberg SNF, Steinmetz J, Christensen HC; Danish Cardiac Arrest Group. Danish Drowning Formula for identification of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from drowning. Am J Emerg Med. 2023 Nov;73:55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.08.024. Epub 2023 Aug 15.

  PMID: 37619443 DERIVED

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Drowning; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Death; Pathologic Processes; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Wounds and Injuries; Heart Arrest; Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases

Study Officials

• Niklas Breindahl, MD

  Prehospital Center, Region Zealand, Denmark

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: COHORT
• Time Perspective: RETROSPECTIVE
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Medical Doctor, PhD-student

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: March 25, 2022
• First Posted: April 12, 2022
• Study Start: January 1, 2016
• Primary Completion: January 31, 2021
• Study Completion: March 31, 2021
• Last Updated: March 25, 2024

Record last verified: 2024-03

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will share
• Shared Documents: STUDY PROTOCOL, SAP
• Time Frame: The study protocol and SAP will be available after publication and up to 5 years after the publication date.
• Access Criteria: Upon reasonable request.

Locations

DK (1)