Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Trial (GDM)

NCT00069576 | Completed Results DMC

• 18 other identifiers: HD36801 - GDMU10HD021410U10HD027869U10HD027917U10HD027915U10HD034116U10HD034208U10HD040500U10HD040485U10HD040544U10HD040545U10HD040560U10HD040512U10HD036801U10HD053118U10HD053097U10HD027860U10HD034136
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 7,381
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 16

Brief Summary

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes (high blood sugar) that occurs in pregnant women. This study will determine whether treating pregnant women who have mild GDM improves the health of their babies. The follow-up study will examine whether factors during the previous pregnancy (such as blood sugar during pregnancy) are associated with the woman and her child's health 4-9 years later.

Conditions

Diabetes, Gestational

Keywords

Mild gestational diabetes mellitus; Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Number of Participants With Composite Neonatal Morbidity

  The composite perinatal outcome included stillbirth, neonatal death, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated cordblood C-peptide level, and birth trauma.

  Delivery through discharge of infant from hospital up to 120 days

• Number of Children at the 5-10 Year Followup With BMI ≥ 95th Percentile for Age and Sex

  Number of children with BMI ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex. BMI is measured as kg / m\^2. Standards based on the 2000 Centers for Disease Control growth charts.

  Age 5-10 years

Secondary Outcomes (20)

• Number of Neonates Who Were Large for Gestational Age at Delivery

  From time of randomization through delivery (up to 17 weeks)

• Number of Neonates With Macrosomia (Birth Weight > 4000 gm)

  Assessed at Delivery

• Number Participants Who Delivered Preterm

  Delivery before 37 weeks gestation

• Mean Neonatal Fat Mass at Delivery

  Assessed at delivery

• Number of Neonates Who Were Small for Gestational Age

  From time of randomization through delivery (up to 17 weeks)

Other Outcomes (1)

• Mean Gestational Age at Birth

  Delivery

Study Arms (2)

Nutritional counseling & self blood glucose monitoring

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Within one week of enrollment, women in the treatment group receive formal nutritional counseling and will be instructed on the technique of self blood glucose monitoring using a memory-based reflectance meter.

Behavioral: nutritional counseling; Behavioral: self blood glucose monitoring

No treatment

NO INTERVENTION

This group will not receive any specific dietary therapy except for written information concerning general nutritional recommendations for normal pregnancy.

Interventions

nutritional counseling BEHAVIORAL

Nutritional counseling & self blood glucose monitoring

self blood glucose monitoring BEHAVIORAL

Nutritional counseling & self blood glucose monitoring

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 50 Years
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Pregnant
• Gestational age at enrollment 24 - 31 weeks

You may not qualify if:

• Diabetes diagnosed prior to pregnancy
• Abnormal gestational diabetes (\>= 135 mg/dl) testing prior to 24 weeks' gestation
• Gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy
• History of stillbirth or fetal death
• Pregnancy with more than one fetus
• Known major fetal anomaly
• Current or planned corticosteroid therapy
• Asthma requiring medication
• Current or planned beta adrenergic therapy
• Chronic hypertension requiring medication within 6 months of or during pregnancy
• Chronic medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, or congenital heart disease
• Hematologic or autoimmune disease such as sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies, lupus, or antiphospholipid syndrome
• Maternal or fetal conditions likely to require preterm delivery, such as pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, or intrauterine growth retardation
• Previous or planned tocolytic therapy to induce labor or increase contraction strength

Sponsors & Collaborators

• The George Washington University Biostatistics Center: lead
• Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD): collaborator

Study Sites (16)

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States

Location

Northwestern University

Chicago, Illinois, 60611, United States

Location

Wayne State University - Hutzel Hospital

Detroit, Michigan, 48201, United States

Location

Columbia University-St. Luke's Hospital

New York, New York, 10032, United States

Location

University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill

Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 17599, United States

Location

Wake Forest University School of Medicine

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, United States

Location

Case Western Reserve University

Cleveland, Ohio, 44109, United States

Location

Ohio State University Hospital

Columbus, Ohio, 43210, United States

Location

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon, 97239, United States

Location

Drexel University

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, United States

Location

University of Pittsburgh-Magee Womens Hospital

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States

Location

Brown University

Providence, Rhode Island, 02905, United States

Location

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas, 75235, United States

Location

University of Texas Medical Branch

Galveston, Texas, 77555, United States

Location

University of Texas-Houston

Houston, Texas, 77030, United States

Location

University of Utah

Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, United States

Location

Related Publications (23)

• Landon MB, Thom E, Spong CY, Gabbe SG, Leindecker S, Johnson F, Lain K, Miodovnik M, Carpenter M. A planned randomized clinical trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes mellitus. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2002 Apr;11(4):226-31. doi: 10.1080/jmf.11.4.226.231.

  PMID: 12375675 BACKGROUND

• Landon MB, Mele L, Spong CY, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE, Anderson GD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. The relationship between maternal glycemia and perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Feb;117(2 Pt 1):218-224. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318203ebe0.

  PMID: 21309194 BACKGROUND

• Durnwald CP, Mele L, Spong CY, Ramin SM, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Tolosa JE, Casey B, Anderson GD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU). Glycemic characteristics and neonatal outcomes of women treated for mild gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Apr;117(4):819-827. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31820fc6cf.

  PMID: 21422852 BACKGROUND

• Bahado-Singh RO, Mele L, Landon MB, Ramin SM, Carpenter MW, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Caritis SN, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-fetal Medicine Units Network. Fetal male gender and the benefits of treatment of mild gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 May;206(5):422.e1-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.015. Epub 2012 Mar 23.

  PMID: 22542118 BACKGROUND

• Stuebe AM, Landon MB, Lai Y, Spong CY, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network, Bethesda, MD. Maternal BMI, glucose tolerance, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Jul;207(1):62.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.04.035. Epub 2012 May 2.

  PMID: 22609018 BACKGROUND

• Berggren EK, Mele L, Landon MB, Spong CY, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Perinatal outcomes in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women with mild gestational diabetes. Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Nov;120(5):1099-104. doi: 10.1097/aog.0b013e31827049a5.

  PMID: 23090528 BACKGROUND

• Ma KK, Mele L, Landon MB, Spong CY, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. The obstetric and neonatal implications of a low value on the 50-g glucose screening test. Am J Perinatol. 2013 Oct;30(9):715-22. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1331027. Epub 2012 Dec 27.

  PMID: 23271384 BACKGROUND

• Figueroa D, Landon MB, Mele L, Spong CY, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network*. Relationship between 1-hour glucose challenge test results and perinatal outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jun;121(6):1241-1247. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31829277f5.

  PMID: 23812458 BACKGROUND

• Costantine MM, Mele L, Landon MB, Spong CY, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE, Anderson GD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network, Bethesda, Maryland. Customized versus population approach for evaluation of fetal overgrowth. Am J Perinatol. 2013 Aug;30(7):565-72. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1329188. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

  PMID: 23147078 BACKGROUND

• Catalano PM, Mele L, Landon MB, Ramin SM, Reddy UM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Inadequate weight gain in overweight and obese pregnant women: what is the effect on fetal growth? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Aug;211(2):137.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Feb 11.

  PMID: 24530820 BACKGROUND

• Sutton AL, Mele L, Landon MB, Ramin SM, Varner MW, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Grobman WA; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Delivery timing and cesarean delivery risk in women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Sep;211(3):244.e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.005. Epub 2014 Mar 4.

  PMID: 24607755 BACKGROUND

• Casey BM, Mele L, Landon MB, Spong CY, Ramin SM, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Does maternal body mass index influence treatment effect in women with mild gestational diabetes? Am J Perinatol. 2015 Jan;32(1):93-100. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1374815. Epub 2014 May 16.

  PMID: 24839145 BACKGROUND

• Stuebe AM, Landon MB, Lai Y, Klebanoff M, Ramin SM, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Saade G, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network, Bethesda, MD. Is There a Threshold Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Value for Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcome? Am J Perinatol. 2015 Jul;32(9):833-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1543949. Epub 2015 Jan 16.

  PMID: 25594222 BACKGROUND

• Palatnik A, Mele L, Landon MB, Reddy UM, Ramin SM, Carpenter MW, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Saade GR, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Timing of treatment initiation for mild gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Oct;213(4):560.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.022. Epub 2015 Jun 11.

  PMID: 26071920 BACKGROUND

• Rice MM, Landon MB, Varner MW, Casey BM, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Rouse DJ, Biggio JR Jr, Thorp JM Jr, Chien EK, Saade G, Peaceman AM, Blackwell SC, VanDorsten JP; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU). Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension in Glucose-Intolerant Pregnancy and Subsequent Metabolic Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr;127(4):771-779. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001353.

  PMID: 26959208 BACKGROUND

• Harper LM, Mele L, Landon MB, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Reddy UM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Carpenter-Coustan Compared With National Diabetes Data Group Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 May;127(5):893-898. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001383.

  PMID: 27054932 BACKGROUND

• Blackwell SC, Landon MB, Mele L, Reddy UM, Casey BM, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Saade G, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Grobman WA; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Relationship Between Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Neonatal Adiposity in Women With Mild Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Dec;128(6):1325-1332. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001773.

  PMID: 27824768 BACKGROUND

• Varner MW, Rice MM, Landon MB, Casey BM, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Rouse DJ, Tita ATN, Thorp JM, Chien EK, Saade GR, Peaceman AM, Blackwell SC, Vandorsten JP; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Pregnancies After the Diagnosis of Mild Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disorders. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Feb;129(2):273-280. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001863.

  PMID: 28079773 BACKGROUND

• Tita ATN, Lai Y, Landon MB, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade GR, Caritis SN, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Predictive Characteristics of Elevated 1-Hour Glucose Challenge Test Results for Gestational Diabetes. Am J Perinatol. 2017 Dec;34(14):1464-1469. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1604243. Epub 2017 Jul 19.

  PMID: 28724164 BACKGROUND

• Landon MB, Rice MM, Varner MW, Casey BM, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Rouse DJ, Biggio JR Jr, Thorp JM, Chien EK, Saade G, Peaceman AM, Blackwell SC, VanDorsten JP; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Mild gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term child health. Diabetes Care. 2015 Mar;38(3):445-52. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2159. Epub 2014 Nov 20.

  PMID: 25414152 RESULT

• Landon MB, Spong CY, Thom E, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Lain KY, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE, Anderson GB; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. A multicenter, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 1;361(14):1339-48. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0902430.

  PMID: 19797280 RESULT

• Durnwald C, Mele L, Landon MB, Varner MW, Casey BM, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Rouse DJ, Tita ATN, Thorp JM Jr, Chien EK, Saade GR, Peaceman AM, Blackwell SC; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development (NICHD) Maternal Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Metabolic Dysfunction in Women with a Prior Glucose-Intolerant Pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 2021 Nov;38(13):1380-1385. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1712966. Epub 2020 Jun 23.

  PMID: 32575141 DERIVED

• Rice MM, Landon MB, Varner MW, Casey BM, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, Rouse DJ, Tita ATN, Thorp JM Jr, Chien EK, Saade G, Peaceman AM, Blackwell SC; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Pregnancy-Associated Hypertension and Offspring Cardiometabolic Health. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Feb;131(2):313-321. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002433.

  PMID: 29324603 DERIVED

Related Links

• NICHD Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network website

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes, Gestational

Interventions

Nutrition Assessment; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Pregnancy Complications; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Data Collection; Epidemiologic Methods; Investigative Techniques; Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms; Quality of Health Care; Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation; Epidemiologic Measurements; Public Health; Environment and Public Health; Blood Chemical Analysis; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine; Monitoring, Physiologic; Self-Testing; Self Care; Therapeutics

Results Point of Contact

• Title: Rebecca Clifton, Ph.D.
• Organization: GWU Biostatistics Center

rclifton@bsc.gwu.edu

(301) 881-9260

Study Officials

• Mark B. Landon, MD

  Ohio State University

  STUDY CHAIR

• Uma Reddy, MD, MPH

  Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

  STUDY DIRECTOR

• Elizabeth A Thom, Ph.D.

  George Washington University Biostatistics Center

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Publication Agreements

• PI is Sponsor Employee: No
• Restrictive Agreement: No

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 29, 2003
• First Posted: September 30, 2003
• Study Start: October 1, 2002
• Primary Completion: November 1, 2007
• Study Completion: October 1, 2013
• Last Updated: July 15, 2019
• Results First Posted: May 31, 2019

Record last verified: 2019-07

Locations

US (16)