Magnetic Resonance-Guided High-Dose Brachytherapy (Short-Range Radiation Therapy) for Prostate Cancer

NCT00039624 | Completed Phase 2

• 2 other identifiers: 02020702-C-0207
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 12
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study will evaluate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for guiding placement of hollow needles into the prostate gland for delivering internal radiation therapy to patients with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is often treated with a combination of external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy (internal radiation delivered close to the tumor). This study will determine whether MRI is more accurate in guiding needle placement than ultrasound, which is currently used for this purpose. Patients will have one brachytherapy treatment followed by 5 weeks of external beam treatments and a second brachytherapy. Patients 18 years of age and older with prostate cancer that has not spread to the bone may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a physical examination, blood and urine tests, and a bone scan. To plan for radiation therapy, patients will have standard computed tomography (CT) and MRI scans of the pelvis and prostate. In addition, CT and MRI scans will be done to determine if the prostate is in a good position for brachytherapy. For these scans, patients will have an enema and a tube will be placed in the rectum. They will then lie still on their side for about 45 minutes during the scan. Patients who have blood in their urine will also undergo cystoscopy. This is an examination of the bladder using a small camera that is advanced through the penis into the bladder. Patients are given an antibiotic for 2 days before the brachytherapy and on the morning of the procedure. Before the test, they have a small enema and are given medicines through the vein and into the spine for relaxation and to decrease any discomfort. (The test is done under general anesthesia for patients who require it.) The patient is moved on a stretcher into the MRI scanner and a catheter is inserted into the bladder through the penis. The bladder is filled with water and a tube is placed in the rectum. With the help of a plastic guide placed against the skin, about 14 to 18 needles are then placed in the prostate. Some stitches are sewn to hold the needles and the guide in place, and the tube in the rectum is removed. The patient is the transferred from the MR scanner into the CT scanner, where the rectal tube is reinserted and the needles are adjusted. A cystoscopy is done to make sure the needles do not enter the bladder. When the needles are adjusted, the tube is removed from the rectum and the patient is moved to the radiation oncology clinic. After a few hours, when the radiation dose has been calculated, a radioactive substance called iridium is administered. The needles placed in the prostate are connected to a radiation machine, and thin wires with radioactive material on the tips are inserted into each needle and withdrawn a little at a time. The process takes about 20 to 30 minutes. The patient is then disconnected from the machine and undergoes another MRI scan to confirm the position of the needles. The needles and catheter are then removed and the patient is monitored for a while before going home. Patients then have 5 weeks of external beam therapy, followed by a second brachytherapy treatment. Patients return to the clinic at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after treatment for blood tests, physical examination, and review of symptoms.

Conditions

Prostate Cancer

Keywords

Radiation Therapy; Prostate; MRI; Brachytherapy; Phase II; Prostate Cancer

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• To evaluate the quality of brachytherapy implants performed under MR-guidance.

  60 months

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• To document patient tolerance and treatment toxicities associated with our EBRT + MR-Guided brachytherapy boost technique.

  60 months

• To measure the magnitude of spatial distortion in MR images and it's impact on dosimetric accuracy

  60 months

• To document time to biochemical failure and survival distributions in this group of patients.

  60 months

Study Arms (1)

Brachy

EXPERIMENTAL

brachytherapy

Radiation: Brachytherapy

Interventions

Brachytherapy RADIATION

Patients will receive two HDR brachytherapy implants (950-1050 cGy/implant) before and at the end of a course of external beam radiotherapy (4600 cGy, 2Gy/day).

Brachy

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 90 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Pathologically confirmed prostate cancer with the following features: Gleason score greater than 6, or greater than T2a, or PSA greater than or equal to 10, and no evidence of bone metastases
• Age greater than or equal to 18 years
• ECOG performance status of 0 or 1
• Informed consent: All patients must sign a document of informed consent indicating their understanding of the investigational nature and risks of the study before any protocol related studies are performed (this does not include routine laboratory tests or imaging studies required to establish eligibility).

You may not qualify if:

• History of prior pelvic or prostate radiotherapy
• TURP within the last 6 months or large TURP defect
• Contraindication to implant procedure:
• Bleeding disorder
• Active anticoagulation at the time of implant
• Artificial heart valve
• Contraindication to MRI:
• Patients weighing greater than 136 kgs (weight limit for the scanner tables)
• Patients with pacemakers, cerebral aneurysm clips, shrapnel injury or implantable electronic devices.
• Preexisting significant urinary obstructive symptoms as reflected by a high (greater than 18) International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
• Pubic arch interference or inadequate access to perineum as determined by preliminary MRI
• Cognitively impaired patients who cannot give informed consent
• Medically Unfit for Anesthesia as defined by an anesthesiology consultant
• Other active malignancy (except for non-melanoma skin cancer or malignancy which was treated with curative intent at least 3 years ago with no further evidence of recurrent disease.)
• Other urinary or medical conditions deemed by the PI or associates to make the patient ineligible for high dose rate brachytherapy and EBRT.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National Cancer Institute (NCI): lead

Study Sites (1)

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, United States

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Hsu IC, Pickett B, Shinohara K, Krieg R, Roach M 3rd, Phillips T. Normal tissue dosimetric comparison between HDR prostate implant boost and conformal external beam radiotherapy boost: potential for dose escalation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Mar 1;46(4):851-8. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00501-5.

  PMID: 10705005 BACKGROUND

• Martinez AA, Pataki I, Edmundson G, Sebastian E, Brabbins D, Gustafson G. Phase II prospective study of the use of conformal high-dose-rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for the treatment of favorable stage prostate cancer: a feasibility report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Jan 1;49(1):61-9. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)01463-2.

  PMID: 11163498 BACKGROUND

• Cormack RA, Tempany CM, D'Amico AV. Optimizing target coverage by dosimetric feedback during prostate brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Nov 1;48(4):1245-9. doi: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00742-2.

  PMID: 11072185 BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Prostatic Neoplasms

Interventions

Brachytherapy

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Genital Neoplasms, Male; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neoplasms; Genital Diseases, Male; Genital Diseases; Urogenital Diseases; Prostatic Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Radiotherapy; Therapeutics

Study Officials

• Kevin A Camphausen, M.D.

  National Cancer Institute (NCI)

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: phase 2
• Allocation: NA
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: SINGLE GROUP
• Sponsor Type: NIH
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: June 6, 2002
• First Posted: June 7, 2002
• Study Start: June 3, 2002
• Primary Completion: July 29, 2004
• Study Completion: July 31, 2018
• Last Updated: August 2, 2018

Record last verified: 2018-07-31

Locations

US (1)