NCT00031447

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to test whether long-term treatment with oral acyclovir improves the outcome for infants with herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease of the skin, eyes, and mouth (SEM). Study participants will include infants in the United States and Canada who have HSV disease of the skin, eyes, and mouth, with no central nervous system disease present. Initially, all subjects will be treated with acyclovir administered through IV access (through the vein) for 14 days while hospitalized. Participants will then be placed in one of two groups, acyclovir given by mouth or a placebo (substance with no medication present). The participant and the study site will not know to which group the subject is assigned. All children will be followed at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months of age. During the follow up visits, physicals, hearing assessments, eye assessments, and neurological assessments will be completed.

Trial Health

90
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
29

participants targeted

Target at below P25 for phase_3

Timeline
Completed

Started Aug 1999

Longer than P75 for phase_3

Geographic Reach
2 countries

28 active sites

Status
completed

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

Click on a node to explore related trials.

Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

Study Start

First participant enrolled

August 1, 1999

Completed
2.6 years until next milestone

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

March 6, 2002

Completed
1 day until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

March 7, 2002

Completed
5.9 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

February 1, 2008

Completed
2 months until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

April 1, 2008

Completed
2 years until next milestone

Results Posted

Study results publicly available

April 9, 2010

Completed
Last Updated

May 16, 2012

Status Verified

November 1, 2009

Enrollment Period

8.5 years

First QC Date

March 6, 2002

Results QC Date

April 1, 2009

Last Update Submit

May 10, 2012

Conditions

Keywords

Herpes Simplex, Acyclovir, Infants

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

  • Participants With Neurologic Impairment at 12 Months as Measured by a Bayley's Neuro-developmental Assessment.(Motor Scores)

    Motor scores of all participants completing 6 months of blinded therapy as measured by the Bayleys neuro-developmental assessment at 12 months. Scores are classified as the following: greater than or equal to 115 suggests accelerated performance; 85 - 114 suggests development within normal limits; 70 - 84 suggests mildly delayed development and less than or equal to 69 suggests significant delayed development.

    At 12 months of life.

  • Participants With Neurologic Impairment at 12 Months as Measured by a Bayley's Neuro-developmental Assessment.(Mental Scores)

    Mental scores of all participants completing 6 months of blinded therapy as measured by the Bayleys neuro-developmental assessment at 12 months. Scores are classified as the following: less than or equal to 115 suggests accelerated performance; 85 - 114 suggests development within normal limits; 70 - 84 suggests mildly delayed development and less than or equal to 69 suggests significant delayed development.

    At 12 months of life.

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) DNA in the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) at Anytime During the Initial 12 Months of Life.

    post randomization at 12 months

  • Two or Fewer Episodes of Cutaneous Recurrence of HSV Disease Post-randomization During the Initial 12 Months of Life.

    post randomization - 12 months

Study Arms (2)

Placebo

PLACEBO COMPARATOR
Drug: Placebo

Acyclovir

EXPERIMENTAL
Drug: Acyclovir

Interventions

Oral suspension 300 mg/m\^2/dose, 3 times per day (TID), for 6 months.

Acyclovir

Placebo identical to oral acyclovir suspension in appearance and taste.

Placebo

Eligibility Criteria

AgeUp to 28 Days
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsChild (0-17)

You may qualify if:

  • Isolation by viral culture of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1or HSV-2 from cutaneous lesions, conjunctivae, or oropharynx. Detection of HSV at any of these sites is sufficient, and the presence of skin lesions is not required for study enrollment.
  • Normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indices (\<22 white blood cells (WBCs)/mm\^3 and protein \<115 mg/dl for term infants; (\<25 WBCs/mm\^3 and protein \<220 mg/dl for preterm infants both at the time of diagnosis of HSV disease and at the time of study randomization.
  • No evidence of HSV central nervous system (CNS) disease by computed tomography (CT) with contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium, or head ultrasound (HUS) \[NOTE: CT with contrast is the preferred imaging study\].
  • Normal electroencephalogram (EEG), if performed \[NOTE: EEG is suggested for the evaluation of infants with HSV disease but is not required for this study\].
  • No evidence of visceral dissemination of HSV infection (normal liver function tests, normal chest x-ray, etc.).
  • Negative CSF HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results from specimens obtained both within 72 hours of initiation of intravenous acyclovir therapy and within 48 hours prior to completion of intravenous acyclovir therapy.
  • Less than or equal to 28 days of age at the time of initial presentation with skin, eyes, and mouth (SEM) disease.
  • Birth weight greater than or equal to equal to 800 grams.

You may not qualify if:

  • Infants with either grade 3 or grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) prior to study enrollment.
  • Breast feeding infants whose mothers are taking acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir for \>120 hours (\>5 days). If at any point following enrollment the mother takes these antiviral drugs for \>120 hours (\>5 days), she will be asked to refrain from breast feeding while taking the drug.
  • Infants with either central nervous system (CNS) or disseminated HSV infection. Patients with CNS HSV infection will be considered for enrollment and randomization in the ongoing Collaborative Antiviral Study Group (CASG) evaluation of oral suppressive acyclovir therapy following neonatal HSV infections involving the CNS.
  • Infants with creatinine \>1.5mg/dl at time of study enrollment.
  • Infants receiving acyclovir expectantly do not qualify for this study because they never developed HSV disease. Expectant therapy describes infants who are cultured at approximately 24 hours of life because of a risk of HSV infection (i.e. they are born to women with active genital lesions). Oftentimes, if these cultures are positive, the infant will receive a course of intravenous acyclovir to prevent the development of HSV disease. However, since they never actually had HSV disease, their potential outcome cannot be compared with infants with typical skin, eyes, and mouth (SEM) disease, and so they are not included in this study.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (28)

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, United States

Location

Arkansas Children's Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases

Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202, United States

Location

Rady Children's Hospital San Diego

San Diego, California, 92123, United States

Location

Stanford University School of Medicine

Stanford, California, 94305-5208, United States

Location

University of Florida - College of Medicine - Jacksonville

Jacksonville, Florida, 32209, United States

Location

The University of Chicago - Comer Children's Hospital - Infectious Diseases

Chicago, Illinois, 60637, United States

Location

Kosair Children's Hospital

Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, United States

Location

Tulane University - Tulane Medical Center - Department of Pediatrics

New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, United States

Location

Maine Medical Center - Department of Pediatric Specialty Care - Infectious Disease

Portland, Maine, 04101, United States

Location

Johns Hopkins Hospital

Baltimore, Maryland, 21287, United States

Location

Children's Hospital of Michigan - Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Detroit, Michigan, 48201, United States

Location

University of Mississippi

Jackson, Mississippi, 39216-4505, United States

Location

Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis - Center for Clinical Studies

St Louis, Missouri, 63110, United States

Location

Mount Sinai Hospital

New York, New York, 10029, United States

Location

UNY Upstate Medical University Hospital - Pediatrics

Syracuse, New York, 13210, United States

Location

Carolinas Medical Center

Charlotte, North Carolina, 28203, United States

Location

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center

Cincinnati, Ohio, 45231, United States

Location

MetroHealth Medical Center - Pediatric Infectious Disease

Cleveland, Ohio, 44109-1998, United States

Location

Nationwide Children's Hospital - Infectious Diseases

Columbus, Ohio, 43205, United States

Location

Oregon Health and Science University

Portland, Oregon, 97201-3098, United States

Location

Rhode Island Hospital

Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, United States

Location

Medical University of South Carolina

Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, United States

Location

Vanderbilt University

Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, United States

Location

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas, 75390-9063, United States

Location

Cook Children's Infectious Disease Services

Fort Worth, Texas, 76104, United States

Location

University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio - Pediatrics - Immunology & Infectious Disease

San Antonio, Texas, 78229, United States

Location

Seattle Children's Hospital - Infectious Diseases

Seattle, Washington, 98105, United States

Location

University of Alberta - Aberhart Centre - Pediatrics

Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2C2, Canada

Location

Related Publications (1)

  • Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ, Wan W, Powell DA, Storch G, Ahmed A, Palmer A, Sanchez PJ, Jacobs RF, Bradley JS, Robinson JL, Shelton M, Dennehy PH, Leach C, Rathore M, Abughali N, Wright P, Frenkel LM, Brady RC, Van Dyke R, Weiner LB, Guzman-Cottrill J, McCarthy CA, Griffin J, Jester P, Parker M, Lakeman FD, Kuo H, Lee CH, Cloud GA; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Collaborative Antiviral Study Group. Oral acyclovir suppression and neurodevelopment after neonatal herpes. N Engl J Med. 2011 Oct 6;365(14):1284-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1003509.

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Herpes Simplex

Interventions

Acyclovir

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Herpesviridae InfectionsDNA Virus InfectionsVirus DiseasesInfectionsSkin Diseases, ViralSkin Diseases, InfectiousSkin DiseasesSkin and Connective Tissue Diseases

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

GuanineHypoxanthinesPurinonesPurinesHeterocyclic Compounds, 2-RingHeterocyclic Compounds, Fused-RingHeterocyclic Compounds

Results Point of Contact

Title
Penelope M Jester
Organization
Collaborative Antiviral Study Group

Publication Agreements

PI is Sponsor Employee
No
Restrictive Agreement
No

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
phase 3
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
TRIPLE
Who Masked
PARTICIPANT, CARE PROVIDER, INVESTIGATOR
Purpose
TREATMENT
Intervention Model
PARALLEL
Sponsor Type
NIH
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

March 6, 2002

First Posted

March 7, 2002

Study Start

August 1, 1999

Primary Completion

February 1, 2008

Study Completion

April 1, 2008

Last Updated

May 16, 2012

Results First Posted

April 9, 2010

Record last verified: 2009-11

Locations