Virtual Reality During Transurethral Bladder Catheterization

NCT07893262 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2026.84.03.11
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 91
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Brief Summary / Aim This study aimed to determine the effect of showing videos using virtual reality goggles (VRG), in addition to routine care and follow-up, on pain, anxiety levels, and patient satisfaction during transurethral bladder catheterization (TBC). Materials and Methods This pre-test-post-test randomized controlled experimental study included patients undergoing transurethral bladder catheterization for the first time. A total of 91 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=46) and a control group (n=45). Data were collected using the Patient Information Form (PIF), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS), and Patient Satisfaction Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ). Participants in the intervention group were shown videos using virtual reality goggles in addition to routine care during the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure. Participants in the control group received routine care. Pain, anxiety, and patient satisfaction were assessed according to the study protocol.

Conditions

Urinary Catheterization

Keywords

Anxiety; Nursing Care; Pain; Patient Satisfaction; Virtual Reality; Urinary catheterization

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Visual Analog Scores

  Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure.

  5 minutes after urinary catheterization

• Beck Anxiety Scale

  Anxiety: Anxiety levels will be assessed using the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) before and after the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure.

  5 minutes after urinary catheterization

• Patient Satisfaction Assessment Questions

  \*\*Patient Satisfaction:\*\* Patient satisfaction with the transurethral bladder catheterization procedure will be assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Assessment Questionnaire (PSAQ) following the procedure. Satisfaction with the virtual reality headset application will also be assessed among participants in the intervention group.

  5 minutes after urinary catheterization

Study Arms (2)

Virtual reality glasses group

EXPERIMENTAL

In addition to routine care, participants in this group were shown videos using virtual reality goggles during urinary catheterization.

Other: Virtual reality glasses

Control group

NO INTERVENTION

No additional interventions, other than routine care, were performed on the participants in this group.

Interventions

Virtual reality glasses OTHER

In addition to routine care, participants in the intervention group were shown videos using virtual reality headsets during catheterization.

Virtual reality glasses group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: female
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Female patients
• Patients undergoing TBC for the first time
• french foley catheter inserted
• Patients receiving inpatient or outpatient care in the urology department
• Patients with at least a basic literacy level
• Patients who do not wear prescribed glasses that would interfere with VRG placement
• Patients without migraine, vertigo, active nausea, vomiting, or headache
• Patients without a diagnosed psychiatric disorder
• Patients who volunteered to participate in the study
• Patients without mental disability or communication barriers were included in the study.

You may not qualify if:

• Those with severe vision problems
• Those who were not willing to participate in the study
• Those who had previously undergone TBC
• Those with a history of urological or gynecological surgery
• Those experiencing pain before the procedure

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi: lead

Study Sites (1)

Tekirdag Namık Kemal University

Tekirdağ, süleymanpaşa, 59100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Related Publications (3)

• Cao, L., Qi, X., Liu, D., Mao, X., Luo, L., Liu, M., Wen, X., Cui, C., Qi, J., Xu, J., & Cui, Y. (2024). Effect of continuous infusion in alleviating pain during male urethral catheterization. BMC Anesthesiology, 24, 457. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-024-02848-4 Moreau, S., Thérond, A., Cerda, I. H., Studer, K., Pan, A., Tharpe, J., Crowther, J. E., Abd-Elsayed, A., Gilligan, C., Tolba, R., Ashina, S., Schatman, M. E., Kaye, A. D., Yong, R. J., & Robinson, C. L. (2024). Virtual reality in acute and chronic pain medicine: An updated review. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 28, 893-928. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-024-01246-2

  BACKGROUND

• Chen H, Li X, Cui H, Xiao X, Zhang Q, Gao X. Development of a knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire on urine leakage with an indwelling urethral catheter for nurses in China. Nurs Open. 2023 May;10(5):2960-2970. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1539. Epub 2022 Dec 11.

  PMID: 36503181 BACKGROUND

• Haider, M. Z., & Annamaraju, P. (2023, August 8). Bladder catheterization. In StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560748/

  BACKGROUND

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Anxiety Disorders; Pain; Patient Satisfaction

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mental Disorders; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Treatment Adherence and Compliance; Health Behavior; Behavior

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Ph.D

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: October 5, 2026
• First Posted: October 23, 2026
• Study Start: April 1, 2026
• Primary Completion: August 31, 2026
• Study Completion: August 31, 2026
• Last Updated: October 23, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)