Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

NCT07876401 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2024/07-46
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 80
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This randomized controlled study evaluated the effects of an eight-week progressive muscle relaxation program on anxiety, depression, and quality of life in 80 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 40) or the control group (n = 40). The intervention included individual training lasting approximately 30-40 minutes, an educational booklet, relaxation audio recordings for home practice, and weekly telephone follow-up. Participants were instructed to practise the exercises every morning for eight weeks. The control group received no study-specific relaxation intervention. Anxiety, depression, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and at week eight. A subsequent qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with 10 participants to explore their experiences with the program.

Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Keywords

Progressive muscle relaxation; Type 2 diabetes; anxiety; depression; quality of life; mixed-methods study

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Diabetes-Related Quality of Life Score from Baseline to Week 8

  Quality of life was assessed using the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index, Diabetes Version. The instrument assesses satisfaction with different aspects of life and the importance attributed to those aspects. It provides a total score and scores for health and functioning, social and economic, psychological/spiritual, and family domains. Higher scores indicate better quality of life. Assessments were conducted at baseline and week 8.

  Baseline and week 8

Secondary Outcomes (2)

• 1. Anxiety

  Baseline and week 8

• Change in Depression Score from Baseline to Week 8

  Baseline and week 8

Study Arms (2)

Progressive Muscle Relaxation Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants received individual progressive muscle relaxation training lasting approximately 30-40 minutes, supported by a researcher-developed information booklet. Relaxation exercise audio recordings prepared by the Turkish Psychological Association were uploaded to participants' mobile devices to support home practice. Participants were instructed to perform the exercises every morning for eight weeks and received weekly follow-up telephone calls. Anxiety, depression, and diabetes-related quality of life were assessed at baseline and week 8.

Behavioral: Progressive Muscle Relaxation

Control Group

NO INTERVENTION

Participants did not receive the study progressive muscle relaxation program. Anxiety, depression, and diabetes-related quality of life were assessed at baseline and eight weeks later using the same questionnaires as in the intervention group.

Interventions

Progressive Muscle Relaxation BEHAVIORAL

Participants received a 30-40-minute individual training session on progressive muscle relaxation, supported by a researcher-developed information booklet. The technique involved sequentially tensing and relaxing muscle groups. Relaxation exercise audio recordings prepared by the Turkish Psychological Association were uploaded to participants' mobile devices to guide home practice. Participants were instructed to practice every morning for eight weeks. Weekly telephone calls provided follow-up throughout the intervention period.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

• Aged 18 years or older.
• Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least six months.
• No medical condition preventing participation in progressive muscle relaxation exercises.
• Able to communicate effectively.
• Provided informed consent to participate.

You may not qualify if:

• Visual, speech, or hearing impairments that hindered communication, understanding of instructions, or use of the progressive muscle relaxation materials.
• Severe diabetes-related complications, such as neuropathy, retinopathy, or nephropathy.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Gul Dural: lead

Study Sites (1)

Firat University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing

Elâzığ, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Anxiety Disorders; Depression

Interventions

Autogenic Training

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Mental Disorders; Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Hypnosis; Mind-Body Therapies; Complementary Therapies; Therapeutics; Psychotherapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: October 9, 2026
• First Posted: October 15, 2026
• Study Start: September 10, 2024
• Primary Completion: September 10, 2025
• Study Completion: April 15, 2026
• Last Updated: October 15, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-10

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)