Personalized 3D Visualization for Oral Hygiene and Motivation in Adults With Gingivitis

NCT07826715 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: BAİBU-Perio-ZA-05
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 88
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study evaluated whether personalized three-dimensional images of possible future changes in the gums could improve oral hygiene and motivation in adults with gingivitis. Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums associated with dental plaque. Eighty-four adults aged 18-60 years were randomly assigned to three groups of 28 participants. The groups received conventional oral hygiene education, general three-dimensional educational animations, or personalized three-dimensional visualization using models created from their own intraoral scans. All participants received the same nonsurgical periodontal treatment and instruction in toothbrushing and cleaning between the teeth. The personalized images illustrated possible gum recession and tissue changes if periodontal care and daily plaque control were neglected. They were educational scenarios, not individual predictions of future disease. Personalized visualization was accompanied by a clinician-guided motivational discussion. Dental plaque, gum inflammation, gum bleeding, and motivation toward dental treatment were assessed before treatment and six weeks later. The study compared these outcomes among the three educational approaches.

Conditions

Gingivitis

Keywords

Oral hygiene education; Personalized three-dimensional visualization; Dental plaque; Gingival inflammation; Dental treatment motivation; Patient education

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Full-Mouth Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index From Baseline to Week 6

  Dental plaque was assessed using the Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI) after application of a plaque-disclosing agent. The facial and lingual/palatal surfaces of each eligible tooth were divided into nine areas, scored as 0 for absence of plaque or 1 for presence of plaque. The full-mouth score was calculated as the proportion of assessed areas with plaque, ranging from 0 to 1, with higher scores indicating more plaque. Third molars and teeth with crowns or cervical restorations were excluded. Change was calculated as the week 6 score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.

  Baseline and 6 weeks

Secondary Outcomes (4)

• Change in Full-Mouth Gingival Index From Baseline to Week 6

  Baseline and 6 weeks

• Change in Full-Mouth Papillary Bleeding Index From Baseline to Week 6

  Baseline and 6 weeks

• Intrinsic Motivation Assessed by the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale

  Baseline and 6 weeks

• Extrinsic Motivation Assessed by the Dental Treatment Motivation Scale

  Baseline and 6 weeks

Study Arms (3)

Conventional Method (CM)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and conventional face-to-face oral hygiene education supported by practical demonstrations using a dental model and a written information leaflet. Education covered periodontal disease, dental plaque, and daily oral hygiene practices, including the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.

Behavioral: Conventional Oral Hygiene Education

Three-Dimensional Animation (3DA)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and clinician-guided oral hygiene education using DentalMaster three-dimensional educational software. The educational content covered the causes and clinical signs of periodontal diseases, periodontal treatment, and daily oral care. General three-dimensional animations illustrated potential gingival recession, periodontal tissue loss, and tooth loss associated with inadequate plaque control. Participants were instructed in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.

Behavioral: Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene Education

Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and clinician-guided education on periodontal disease and daily oral care. Personalized three-dimensional dentogingival models generated from their intraoral scans using the Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) system illustrated potential gingival recession and visible tissue changes if periodontal care and plaque control were neglected. Images were presented as conditional educational scenarios, not individualized prognostic predictions. Visualization was accompanied by a motivational discussion addressing personal goals and barriers to oral hygiene. Participants were instructed in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.

Behavioral: Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational Discussion

Interventions

Conventional Oral Hygiene Education BEHAVIORAL

Face-to-face education delivered by a clinician using a dental model and a written information leaflet. The content covered the causes of periodontal diseases, the role of dental plaque, and daily oral hygiene practices. Participants received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.

Conventional Method (CM)

Three-Dimensional Animation-Based Oral Hygiene Education BEHAVIORAL

Clinician-guided oral hygiene education using DentalMaster three-dimensional educational software. The content covered the causes and clinical signs of periodontal diseases, periodontal treatment, and daily oral care. General three-dimensional animations illustrated potential gingival recession, periodontal tissue loss, and tooth loss associated with inadequate plaque control. Participants received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.

Three-Dimensional Animation (3DA)

Personalized Three-Dimensional Visualization With Motivational Discussion BEHAVIORAL

Participants viewed general educational animations about periodontal disease, treatment, and daily oral care, followed by personalized three-dimensional dentogingival models generated from their own intraoral scans using the Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP) system. The models illustrated potential gingival recession and visible periodontal tissue changes if periodontal care and daily plaque control were neglected. These images were presented as conditional educational scenarios, not individualized prognostic predictions. A clinician-guided motivational discussion addressed personal goals and barriers to oral hygiene. Participants also received instruction in the modified Bass toothbrushing technique and appropriate interdental cleaning.

Periodontal Disease Prediction (PDP)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 60 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Adults aged 18-60 years. Systemically healthy. Diagnosis of gingivitis according to the 2017 World Workshop classification. At least 20 natural teeth, excluding third molars. At least 12 years of formal education. Turkish as the native language. Probing depths ≤3 mm. Bleeding on probing at more than 10% of sites. Visible plaque at more than 50% of sites. Provision of written informed consent.

You may not qualify if:

• Dentists or dental students. Previous periodontal treatment or structured oral hygiene education. Use of antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within the preceding 3 months.
• Generalized gingival recession or dentin hypersensitivity. Full-arch fixed or removable prostheses. Acute odontogenic infections. Overhanging or defective restorations, or root caries that could affect oral hygiene practices.
• Active orthodontic treatment. Communicable diseases such as hepatitis or HIV infection. Cognitive, systemic, or physical conditions that could interfere with understanding the educational content or performing oral hygiene practices.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Abant Izzet Baysal University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Department of Periodontics

Bolu, Central, 14100, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Gingivitis; Dental Plaque

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Infections; Gingival Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Dental Deposits; Tooth Diseases

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assist Prof

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: September 14, 2026
• First Posted: September 17, 2026
• Study Start: August 15, 2021
• Primary Completion: November 15, 2021
• Study Completion: December 15, 2021
• Last Updated: September 17, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-09

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)