Effect of Co-consuming Different Dietary Protein Sources With Salad on the Bioavailability of Carotenoids

NCT07795372 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 2 other identifiers: S37NUS-IRB-2026-590
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 19
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if different protein types will affect carotenoid responses in humans when co-consumed with salad. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• What are the effect of dietary protein co-consumption with salad on postprandial carotenoid levels in Singapore adults?
• Do different whole-food protein sources enhance the bioavailability of carotenoids in Singapore adults? Participants will: Consume salad with a form of protein (chicken, tuna, egg, soybean) Have their postprandial plasma carotenoid and triglyceride outcomes evaluated

Conditions

Postprandial Carotenoid Response

Keywords

Plasma carotenoid; Protein Type

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (2)

• Concentration of plasma carotenoids

  Concentration of plasma carotenoids hourly

  From start of salad consumption to the end of acute period (8 hours)

• Concentration of blood triglycerides

  Postprandial triglyceride response

  From start of salad consumption to the end of acute period (8 hours)

Study Arms (5)

Salad only

PLACEBO COMPARATOR

Salad only (no protein)

Other: Salad only

Salad + Chicken

EXPERIMENTAL

Salad with chicken

Other: Salad + Chicken

Salad + Tuna

EXPERIMENTAL

Salad with tuna

Other: Salad + Tuna

Salad + Egg

EXPERIMENTAL

Salad with egg

Other: Salad + Egg

Salad + Soybean

EXPERIMENTAL

Salad with soybeans

Other: Salad + Soybean

Interventions

Salad only OTHER

Control group, consumption of only salad

Salad only

Salad + Chicken OTHER

Consumption of salad with chicken

Salad + Chicken

Salad + Tuna OTHER

Consumption of salad with tuna

Salad + Tuna

Salad + Egg OTHER

Consumption of salad with egg

Salad + Egg

Salad + Soybean OTHER

Consumption of salad with soybean

Salad + Soybean

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 21 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• English-literate and able to give informed consent
• Singaporean Adults aged 21 to 45 (inclusive)
• Body mass index of 18.5 to 23.0 kg/m2 (inclusive)
• At least 50 kg
• Healthy (based on screening results)

You may not qualify if:

• Currently participating in another clinical study that involves altering regular diet and/or involves consuming a dietary supplement or investigated food product as an intervention
• High blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mmHg)
• Underlying health conditions that may affect metabolic functions
• Consuming carotenoid supplements regularly (i.e., more than three times a week) for the past 3 months, and not willing to discontinue consumption 3 months before and during the study duration
• Weight change \> 3 kg in the past 3 months
• Exercising vigorously over the past 3 months (i.e., engaging in high-intensity exercises for more than 3 hours a week, where high-intensity exercises leave one out of breath and unable to talk or sing during the workout)
• Current smokers or have quit smoking for less than 5 years
• Drinking \> 2 alcoholic drinks per day (i.e., one drink is defined as either 150 ml of wine, 340 ml of beer/cider or 45 ml of distilled spirit)
• If drinking ≤ 2 alcoholic drinks per day, not willing to stop consumption of alcoholic beverages two days before and on the day of the test visits
• Not willing to stop consumption of caffeinated beverages 10 to 12 hours before and on the day of the test visits
• Currently on a specialised diet (e.g., vegetarian, vegan, weight loss diet)
• Had serious food allergies in the past, or having intolerance, sensitivities or allergies to any of the following: soy/soy-derived products, eggs, fish and crustaceans, starch/starch-derived products (e.g., rice, corn, wheat, potato), gluten
• Disease or impairment of the liver
• Currently diagnosed with diabetes, gastrointestinal issues (e.g., lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome), gout and/or G6PD deficiency
• Taking antibiotics 2 weeks prior to study participation

Sponsors & Collaborators

• National University of Singapore: lead

Study Sites (1)

NUS, Department of Food Science and Technology, 1 Science Drive 3, Block S13, #03-07, Singapore, 117542

Singapore, 117542, Singapore

Location

MeSH Terms

Interventions

Salads; Eggs

Intervention Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Food; Diet, Food, and Nutrition; Physiological Phenomena; Food and Beverages

Study Officials

• Jung Eun Kim, Ph.D., R.D.

  National University of Singapore, Department of Food Science and Technology

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Wei Xi Khu, B.Sc.

CONTACT

+65 9359 8952; E0773498@u.nus.edu

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: INVESTIGATOR
• Purpose: PREVENTION
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Associate Professor

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 26, 2026
• First Posted: August 31, 2026
• Study Start: September 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): February 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): February 1, 2027
• Last Updated: September 2, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

SG (1)