Ukulele Music on Pain, Anxiety, and Postpartum Comfort

NCT07786558 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 2024/17/647
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 110
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This study aims to examine whether listening to live ukulele music after cesarean delivery can help reduce pain-related distress and anxiety and improve comfort in women who have given birth by cesarean section for the first time. Women participating in the study will be randomly assigned to either a ukulele music group or a routine care group. Women in the ukulele music group will listen to live ukulele music for 30 minutes at 24 hours after cesarean delivery. Women in the routine care group will receive the usual care provided by the hospital. The study will compare the two groups in terms of pain-related thoughts and distress, postpartum anxiety, and overall comfort during the early postpartum period. The findings may help determine whether live ukulele music can be used as a simple, non-drug approach to support women during recovery after cesarean delivery.

Conditions

Postpartum

Keywords

Anxiety; Cesarean Delivery; Music Therapy; Pain; Postpartum Comfort; Ukulele

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (3)

• Pain Catastrophizing Level

  Pain catastrophizing will be assessed using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), a 13-item self-report instrument assessing rumination, magnification, and helplessness related to pain. Total scores range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating higher levels of pain catastrophizing. The outcome will be compared between the ukulele music intervention group and the routine care control group.

  Between 25 and 26 hours postoperatively

• Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Level

  Postpartum-specific anxiety will be assessed using the Turkish version of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS). The scale consists of 47 items rated on a 4-point Likert scale, with higher total scores indicating higher levels of postpartum-specific anxiety. The outcome will be compared between the ukulele music intervention group and the routine care control group.

  Between 25 and 26 hours postoperatively

• Postpartum Comfort Level

  Postpartum comfort will be assessed using the Postpartum Comfort Questionnaire (PPCQ), a 34-item instrument evaluating physical, psychospiritual, and sociocultural comfort. Total scores range from 34 to 170, with higher scores indicating higher levels of postpartum comfort. The outcome will be compared between the ukulele music intervention group and the routine care control group.

  Between 25 and 26 hours postoperatively

Study Arms (2)

Live Ukulele Music Group

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants assigned to this arm will receive a 30-minute live ukulele music intervention at 24 hours after cesarean delivery. The same standardized melody will be performed live by the researcher in the participant's room. Room temperature and lighting will be adjusted according to the participant's preferences, and the ukulele sound level will be maintained between 70 and 73 dB throughout the intervention. Following the intervention, participants will complete assessments of pain catastrophizing, postpartum-specific anxiety, and postpartum comfort.

Behavioral: Live Ukulele Music

Routine Care Group

NO INTERVENTION

Participants assigned to this arm will receive the routine care and treatment provided by the clinical unit throughout the postoperative period, with no additional intervention during the study assessment period. The same outcome assessments will be administered at 25-26 hours after cesarean delivery. After completion of data collection, participants in the control group will be offered the same ukulele melody for 30 minutes as an ethical consideration.

Interventions

Live Ukulele Music BEHAVIORAL

Women who were admitted to the postoperative unit and met the eligibility criteria were assessed by the researcher. Eligible women were provided with written and verbal information about the purpose of the study, the intervention procedures, ethical and institutional permissions, and the confidentiality of personal information. Written informed consent was obtained from women who agreed to participate in the study. Participants were assigned to the intervention and control groups in a 1:1 ratio using a computer-generated randomization sequence created with the RANDOM.ORG Sequence Generator (RANDOM.ORG, 2026). After the Informed Consent Form and Introductory Characteristics Questionnaire were administered to women assigned to the intervention group, the same standardized melody was performed live on the ukulele by the researcher for 30 minutes at 24 hours postoperatively. Following the intervention, the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale, Postpartum Comfort Scale, and Pain Catastrophizin

Live Ukulele Music Group

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 35 Years
• Gender Eligibility Details: Women who self-identify as female are eligible to participate in the study.
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Primiparous women who have undergone cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia
• No chronic disease
• Turkish-speaking
• Able to communicate effectively
• Willing to participate voluntarily and provide written informed consent

You may not qualify if:

• Hearing impairment
• Cesarean delivery performed under epidural or general anesthesia
• Development of postoperative complications
• Requirement for additional analgesics beyond routine postoperative treatment

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Selcuk University: lead

Study Sites (1)

Selcuk University

Konya, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Anxiety Disorders; Pain

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Mental Disorders; Neurologic Manifestations; Signs and Symptoms; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: NONE
• Purpose: SUPPORTIVE CARE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: PhD, Assoc. Prof., Principal Investigator

Model Details: Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the ukulele music intervention group or the routine care control group. The intervention group will receive a 30-minute live ukulele music intervention at 24 hours after cesarean delivery, while the control group will receive routine postoperative care without an additional intervention during the study assessment period. Outcomes will be assessed after the intervention and compared between the two groups.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 19, 2026
• First Posted: August 26, 2026
• Study Start: March 5, 2025
• Primary Completion: September 1, 2025
• Study Completion: September 5, 2025
• Last Updated: August 26, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)