Evaluation of Composite Veneers Fabricated by 3D Printing and Milling Technologies

NCT07756333 | Completed

• 1 other identifier: 9262109
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 14
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

The clinical study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance, color stability, and wear of indirect composite veneers produced using 3D printing and milling technologies.

Conditions

Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Restoration Wear

Keywords

3D printing; additive manufacturing; CAD-CAM; subtractive manufacturing; wear; color; veneers; composite resin

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• The functional properties of the examined veneer restorations

  All veneers were assessed clinically at 1 week (baseline) and subsequently at 3, 6, and 12 months, following the FDI evaluation criteria and scoring system, which indicates: Functional properties: (F1) Fracture of material and retention. (F2) Marginal adaptation. (F3) Proximal contact point. (F4) Form and contour. (F5) Occlusion and wear. Each evaluated property was scored according to the FDI criteria using the following clinical scores: Score 1: Clinically excellent/very good (VG), Score 2: Clinically good (CG), score 3: Clinically satisfactory (CS), score 4: Clinically unsatisfactory (CU), score 5: Clinically poor (PO).

  1 year

• The biological properties of the examined veneer restorations

  All Veneers were assessed clinically at 1 week (baseline) and subsequently at 3, 6, and 12 months, following the revised FDI evaluation criteria and scoring system, which indicates: Biological properties (B1) Caries at restoration margins. (B2) Dental hard tissue defects at the restoration margin. (B3) Postoperative hypersensitivity and pulpal status. Each evaluated property was scored according to the FDI criteria using the following clinical scores: Score 1: Clinically excellent/very good (VG), Score 2: Clinically good (CG), Score 3: Clinically satisfactory (CS), Score 4: Clinically unsatisfactory (CU), Score 5: Clinically poor (PO).

  1 year

• The aesthetic properties of the examined veneers

  All veneers were assessed clinically at 1 week (baseline) and subsequently at 3, 6, and 12 months, following the FDI evaluation criteria and scoring system, which indicates: Aesthetic properties: (A1) Surface luster and surface texture. (A2) Marginal staining. (A3) Color match. Each evaluated property was scored according to the FDI criteria using the following clinical scores: Score 1: Clinically excellent/very good (VG), Score 2: Clinically good (CG), Score 3: Clinically satisfactory (CS), Score 4: Clinically unsatisfactory (CU), Score 5: Clinically poor (PO).

  1 year

• color stability

  All Veneers were assessed clinically at 1 week (baseline) and subsequently at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using the vita easy shade spectrophotometer.

  1 year

• Wear

  All Veneers were scanned clinically using an intra oral scanner at 1 week (baseline) and subsequently at 3, 6, and 12 months. The different scans were compared to baseline scan to assess the volume loss.

  1 year

Study Arms (2)

Group I: 28 veneers will be done using 3D printing technology (VarseoSmile TriniQ, Bego)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Other: Group I (n=28): were restored with VarseoSmile TriniQ, Bego

group II: 28 veneers will be done using milling technology (Cerasmart 270, GC)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Other: Group II (n=28): were restored with Cerasmart 270, GC

Interventions

Group II (n=28): were restored with Cerasmart 270, GC OTHER

A total of fifty-six anterior indirect veneers will be fabricated using 3D printing and milling technologies. The veneers will be divided into two groups according to the technique of fabrication. Group I: 28 veneers will be done using 3D printing technology (VarseoSmile TriniQ, Bego), and group II: 28 veneers will be done using milling technology (Cerasmart 270, GC). Veneer restorations will be fabricated checked, and cemented, then will be evaluated using the modified FDI criteria at baseline, three months, six months, and one year. Moreover, color stability and surface wear of the restorations will be evaluated in each follow-up session.

group II: 28 veneers will be done using milling technology (Cerasmart 270, GC)

Group I (n=28): were restored with VarseoSmile TriniQ, Bego OTHER

A total of fifty-six anterior indirect veneers will be fabricated using 3D printing and milling technologies. The veneers will be divided into two groups according to the technique of fabrication. Group I: 28 veneers will be done using 3D printing technology (VarseoSmile TriniQ, Bego), and group II: 28 veneers will be done using milling technology (Cerasmart 270, GC). Veneer restorations will be fabricated checked, and cemented, then will be evaluated using the modified FDI criteria at baseline, three months, six months, and one year. Moreover, color stability and surface wear of the restorations will be evaluated in each follow-up session.

Group I: 28 veneers will be done using 3D printing technology (VarseoSmile TriniQ, Bego)

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Healthy adult patients aged 18 to 45 years.
• Patients requiring veneer restorations due to discoloration, misalignment, tooth malformation or having irregular tooth shape that can be treated without full coverage.
• Patients meeting the criteria for Class I or Class II veneers according to the LeSage veneer classification system.
• Patients requiring veneers restorations on their bilateral maxillary anterior teeth.
• The selected teeth should be vital with absence of clinical signs and symptoms of periapical pathology.
• Patients having a normal occlusal relationship between upper and lower teeth (class I Angle classification).
• Patients capable of tolerating rubber dam applications.
• Patients willing to attend regular follow-up appointments.

You may not qualify if:

• Bad oral hygiene (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified \>3).
• Non-vital teeth or endodontically treated teeth.
• Severe periodontal disease.
• Patients with para-functional habits (e.g., bruxism, attrition, wear facets).
• Dentin exposure more than 20% of the prepared surface for veneer.
• Prescence of smoking/vaping habits

Sponsors & Collaborators

• youssef alaa: lead

Study Sites (1)

Faculty of dentistry, Alexandria University

Alexandria, Egypt

Location

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: DOUBLE
• Who Masked: PARTICIPANT, OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Purpose: TREATMENT
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant lecturer of operative dentistry

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 5, 2026
• First Posted: August 10, 2026
• Study Start: May 1, 2025
• Primary Completion: August 5, 2026
• Study Completion: August 5, 2026
• Last Updated: August 10, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Locations

EG (1)