Impact of Smoking on Immune Responses in Peri-implant Health and Disease

NCT07750171 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: 48
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 216
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the gums and bone around dental implants. Peri-implant mucositis causes inflammation in the gums, while peri-implantitis can also lead to bone loss and, in severe cases, implant failure. Smoking is an important risk factor for these conditions because it may change how the immune system responds to inflammation and infection. This study will compare smokers and non-smokers with healthy dental implants, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis. Fluid samples will be collected from around the implants to measure proteins involved in inflammation, healing, and immune responses. The aim is to better understand how smoking affects the body's response to peri-implant diseases and to identify biological markers that may help assess disease risk and severity in the future.

Conditions

Peri-Implant Health; Peri Implant Mucositis; Peri-implantitis

Keywords

Peri-implantitis; Host immune response; Smoking

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of Th1/Th2-, M1/M2-, and B-cell-related immune markers

  Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples will be analyzed to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, BAFF, and APRIL. These marker levels will be compared among smokers and non-smokers with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis

  At a single study visit

Study Arms (6)

Non-Smokers With Peri-Implant Health

Participants who do not smoke and have clinically healthy peri-implant tissues.

Non-Smokers With Peri-Implant Mucositis

Participants who do not smoke and have peri-implant mucositis.

Non-Smokers With Peri-Implantitis

Participants who do not smoke and have peri-implantitis.

Smokers With Peri-Implant Health

Participants who smoke and have clinically healthy peri-implant tissues.

Smokers With Peri-Implant Mucositis

Participants who smoke and have peri-implant mucositis.

Smokers With Peri-Implantitis

Participants who smoke and have peri-implantitis

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 21 Years - 75 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of adults with at least one dental implant who attend the Department of Periodontology at Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry. Eligible participants will be classified as smokers or non-smokers and further assigned to one of three groups according to their peri-implant condition: peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis. Participants will be consecutively recruited until the target sample size is reached.

You may qualify if:

• willingness to participate in the study;
• having at least one dental implant that has been in function for at least one year;
• having an implant diagnosed with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or initial peri-implantitis according to the study definitions; for the initial peri-implantitis group, having an implant with PD of 6-7 mm.

You may not qualify if:

• having received periodontal therapy, oral decontamination treatment, antibiotics, or steroids within the last six months before study initiation;
• being pregnant or breastfeeding;
• having rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, or poorly controlled systemic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension;
• having a history of radiation therapy or cancer therapy.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Gazi University: lead
• University of Turku: collaborator

Study Sites (1)

Gazi University

Ankara, Ankara, 06510, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Peri-Implantitis; Smoking

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Behavior

Study Officials

• Buse Naz Büyükakçalı, DDS

  Gazi University

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Buse Naz Büyükakçalı, DDS

CONTACT

+905448024169; busenazbuyukakcali@gazi.edu.tr

Aysen Bodur, Professor

CONTACT

abodur@gazi.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Research Assistant

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: August 3, 2026
• First Posted: August 6, 2026
• Study Start: June 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2026
• Last Updated: August 6, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-08

Locations

TU (1)