2D:4D Digit Ratio and Urinary Stone Disease

NCT07736924 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 2 other identifiers: MEAH-2D4D-USD-2026-01SBBA-2026-252
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 300
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

This prospective observational case-control study will investigate whether the 2D:4D digit ratio is associated with urinary stone disease. Adults undergoing non-contrast computed tomography at Malatya Training and Research Hospital will be classified as cases if kidney and/or ureteral stones are detected and as controls if no urinary stones are detected and there is no previous history of stone disease or stone surgery. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers of both hands will be measured using a digital caliper by two independent observers who are blinded to the participant group. The study will also examine whether the 2D:4D ratio is associated with recurrent stone disease, stone burden, and bilateral or multiple stones.

Conditions

Urinary Stone

Keywords

2D:4D Digit Ratio; Urolithiasis; Kidney Stones; Urinary Stones; Prenatal Androgen Exposure

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Urinary Stone Disease Status

  The lengths of the second and fourth digits of both hands will be measured using a digital caliper by two independent observers blinded to group status. Right and left 2D:4D ratios will be calculated by dividing the length of the second digit by the length of the fourth digit. The mean bilateral 2D:4D ratio will be calculated as the average of the right and left ratios and compared between participants with computed tomography-confirmed kidney and/or ureteral stones and stone-free controls.

  At enrollment, during the single study assessment

Secondary Outcomes (3)

• Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Recurrent Stone Disease Status

  At enrollment, during the single study assessment

• Association Between Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio and Total Stone Burden

  At enrollment, during the single study assessment

• Mean Bilateral 2D:4D Digit Ratio by Bilateral and/or Multiple Stone Presentation

  At enrollment, during the single study assessment

Study Arms (2)

Urinary Stone Disease Group

Adults with kidney and/or ureteral stones detected on non-contrast computed tomography.

Stone-Free Control Group

Adults with no urinary stones detected in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder on non-contrast computed tomography and with no previous physician-diagnosed urinary stone disease or history of stone surgery.

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years+
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)
• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will consist of consecutive adults undergoing non-contrast computed tomography at Malatya Training and Research Hospital during the study period. Participants with kidney and/or ureteral stones will constitute the case group. Participants without urinary stones on computed tomography and without a previous history of urinary stone disease or stone surgery will constitute the control group.

You may qualify if:

• Age 18 years or older
• Provision of written informed consent
• Undergoing non-contrast computed tomography at Malatya Training and Research Hospital during the study period
• For cases: presence of at least one kidney and/or ureteral stone on non-contrast computed tomography
• For controls: absence of stones in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder on non-contrast computed tomography
• For controls: no previous physician-diagnosed urinary stone disease or history of stone-related surgery
• Feasibility of bilateral second- and fourth-digit length measurements

You may not qualify if:

• Congenital deformity of the hands or fingers
• History of hand or finger trauma, fracture, surgery, or amputation that may affect digit length measurement
• Severe hand deformity, contracture, or advanced joint disease preventing reliable measurement
• Incomplete, inadequate, or technically unreliable 2D:4D measurements
• Missing essential clinical, demographic, or imaging data
• Pregnancy
• Presence of bladder stones
• Urinary diversion, major urinary tract reconstruction, or a significant structural urinary tract anomaly

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Emrah Kızılay: lead

Study Sites (1)

Malatya Training and Research Hospital

Malatya, Malatya, 44000, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Urinary Calculi; Urolithiasis; Kidney Calculi

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Urologic Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Calculi; Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Nephrolithiasis; Kidney Diseases

Study Officials

• Emrah KIZILAY

  Malatya Training and Research Hospital

  PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Central Study Contacts

Emrah KIZILAY, MD

CONTACT

+905363887322; emrahkizilay@hotmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: CASE ONLY
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: SPONSOR INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Urology Specialist

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 26, 2026
• First Posted: July 30, 2026
• Study Start (Estimated): August 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): January 31, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): January 31, 2027
• Last Updated: July 30, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Locations

TU (1)