Comparison of Upper Extremity Reaction Time, Body Awareness, Grip Strength, Agility and Functionality Between Wheelchair Para-Armwrestling and Para-Archery Athletes

NCT07735429 | Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: ETurkmen0326
• Study Type: observational
• Target: 50
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Aim of the study is to evaluate upper extremity performance between wheelchair para-armwrestling and para-archery athletes in a multidimensional way and to compare upper extremity reaction time, body awareness, grip strength, agility, and functionality parameters.

Conditions

Para-Athletes

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (5)

• Nelson Hand Reaction Time Test

  The Nelson Hand Reaction Time Test measures upper extremity reaction time and visual-motor response speed by requiring participants to catch a dropped ruler between the thumb and index finger. The distance the ruler falls, measured upon catching, is converted to reflect reaction time, with shorter distances indicating faster neuromuscular responses.

  Baseline

• Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ)

  BAQ is an 18-item self-report scale designed to measure how attentive you are to normal, non-emotional internal bodily processes. It evaluates your sensitivity to everyday bodily cycles (like sleep and hunger), ability to detect subtle changes, and capacity to anticipate physical reactions. Typically takes about 3 to 5 minutes. Items are generally rated on a 1 to 7 scale, with higher total scores indicating greater perceived conKdence and accuracy in monitoring your physical state over time.

  Baseline

• Grip Strength Test with Hand Dynamometer

  A hydraulic Jamar hand dynamometer will be used to measure grip strength. This device allows the measurement of hand grip strength in Kilogram (kg) or Newton (N). During the assessment, the participant will be seated upright in a chair. The participant will be asked to squeeze the dynamometer with maximum force.

  Baseline

• Agility with Wheelchair Change of Direction Ability Test-WCODA

  The test is conducted on a flat surface. The participant waits at the starting line in a ready position in their wheelchair. Upon the starting signal, the participant moves forward at maximum speed along the 8-meter course. At the designated point at the 4-meter mark, they make a 180° turn and return. The test ends when the participant reaches the finish line. The test duration is recorded with a stopwatch.

  Baseline

• Modified Functional Reach Test

  Participant sits upright on a bench or wheelchair with feet flat on the floor, positioned near a wall or a mounted yardstick. The reaching arm is raised to a 90-degree forward flexion with extended fingers. The test is administered in three different directions: 1. Reaching forward with the unaffected side close to the wall, 2. Reaching to the right with the back to the wall, 3. Reaching to the left with the back to the wall. Participant is instructed to "reach as far as you can forward without losing balance or rotating the trunk". Participant is instructed to reach as far as possible in each direction without rotating their torso or touching the wall. The distance covered is recorded in centimeters (cm).

  Baseline

Study Arms (2)

Group I

Wheelchair Para-Armwrestling Athletes

Group II

Wheelchair Para-Archery Athletes

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 18 Years - 45 Years
• Sex: all
• Healthy Volunteers: No
• Age Groups: Adult (18-64)
• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Wheelchair Para-Armwrestling and Wheelchair Para-Archery Athletes

You may qualify if:

• Being between 18 and 45 years of age.
• Being a licensed wheelchair para-armwrestling athlete (n=25).
• Being a licensed wheelchair para-archery athlete (n=25).
• Having been regularly and actively participating in the relevant sport for at least one year.
• Voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study.

You may not qualify if:

• Having undergone surgery on the upper extremity within the last six months.
• Having a diagnosed neurological, rheumatological, or systemic disease that may affect upper extremity function.
• Having a diagnosed cognitive, mental, or communication disability that may negatively impact the assessment process.
• Having a diagnosed psychological disorder that may impair communication.

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Health Institutes of Turkey: lead

Study Sites (1)

Haliç Üniversitesi

Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

Central Study Contacts

Ezgi Türkmen

CONTACT

0090 216 547 26 00; turkmnezgi@gmail.com

Study Design

• Study Type: observational
• Observational Model: OTHER
• Time Perspective: CROSS SECTIONAL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER GOV
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Principal Investigator, R&D Specialist, PhD

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 24, 2026
• First Posted: July 30, 2026
• Study Start: July 30, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): August 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 1, 2026
• Last Updated: July 31, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Locations

TU (1)