Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols in Amateur Basketball Players

NCT07722143 | Not Yet Recruiting

• 1 other identifier: IMU-BB-PNF-2026-02
• Study Type: interventional
• Target: 45
• Locations: 1 country
• Sites: 1

Brief Summary

Brief Summary This randomized controlled trial will compare the immediate effects of three warm-up protocols on physical performance in male amateur basketball players. A total of 45 licensed basketball players aged 15 to 25 years will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: standard dynamic warm-up, dynamic warm-up followed by classical hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching, or dynamic warm-up followed by short-duration self-administered PNF stretching. The main outcome will be the change in countermovement jump height. Additional outcomes will include flexibility, knee range of motion, squat jump height, 20-meter sprint time, agility, dynamic balance, and perceived exertion. Measurements will be performed before the assigned warm-up protocol, immediately after the protocol, and 15 minutes after the protocol. The study aims to determine whether short-duration self-PNF stretching can improve flexibility while preserving performance more effectively than classical PNF stretching. Each participant will complete the assigned protocol and all assessments during a single study session.

Conditions

Athletic Performance; Flexibility; Physical Fitness

Keywords

Amateur Basketball Players; Dynamic Warm-Up; Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation; Sprint Performance; Self-PNF

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (1)

• Change in Countermovement Jump Height

  Lower-extremity explosive performance will be assessed using the countermovement jump test. Participants will perform three maximal vertical jumps with their hands placed on their hips. Jump height will be recorded in centimeters using a standardized jump measurement system. The highest value from the three attempts will be used. Higher values indicate better jump performance. Change from baseline will be compared among the three intervention groups.

  Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention

Secondary Outcomes (8)

• Change in Squat Jump Height

  Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention

• Change in 20-Meter Sprint Time

  Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention

• Change in T-Test Agility Time

  Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention

• Change in Illinois Agility Test Time

  Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention

• Change in Y Balance Test Composite Score

  Baseline, immediately after the intervention (within 2 minutes), and 15 minutes after the intervention

Study Arms (3)

Standard Dynamic Warm-Up

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Arm Description: Participants will complete a standardized dynamic warm-up lasting approximately 10 minutes. The program will include 3 minutes of light jogging, high knees, butt kicks, walking lunges, side shuffles, carioca running, leg swings in the sagittal and frontal planes, and three 10-meter progressive acceleration runs. No PNF stretching will be performed.

Behavioral: Standard Dynamic Warm-Up

Dynamic Warm-Up Plus Classical PNF

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Participants will complete the standardized 10-minute dynamic warm-up followed by therapist-administered classical hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. The PNF protocol will be applied bilaterally to the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors.

Behavioral: Standard Dynamic Warm-Up; Behavioral: Classical Hold-Relax PNF Stretching

Dynamic Warm-Up Plus Short-Duration Self-PNF

EXPERIMENTAL

Participants will complete the standardized 10-minute dynamic warm-up followed by a supervised short-duration, self-administered proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching protocol. The protocol will target the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors bilaterally.

Behavioral: Standard Dynamic Warm-Up; Behavioral: Short-Duration Self-PNF Stretching

Interventions

Standard Dynamic Warm-Up BEHAVIORAL

Participants will perform a standardized dynamic warm-up lasting approximately 10 minutes. The protocol will include 3 minutes of light jogging, high knees, butt kicks, walking lunges, side shuffles, carioca running, sagittal and frontal plane leg swings, and three 10-meter progressive acceleration runs. Each dynamic exercise will be performed for approximately 20 to 30 seconds or over two 20-meter repetitions, as appropriate.

Dynamic Warm-Up Plus Classical PNF; Dynamic Warm-Up Plus Short-Duration Self-PNF; Standard Dynamic Warm-Up

Short-Duration Self-PNF Stretching BEHAVIORAL

After completing the standardized dynamic warm-up, participants will perform a supervised short-duration self-PNF protocol targeting the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors. Each repetition will include a 5-second contraction of the opposing muscle group, a 5-second stretch of the target muscle, and a 5-second contraction of the target muscle. Four repetitions will be completed for each muscle group bilaterally, with approximately 20 seconds of rest between muscle groups. The self-PNF component will last approximately 7 to 8 minutes.

Dynamic Warm-Up Plus Short-Duration Self-PNF

Classical Hold-Relax PNF Stretching BEHAVIORAL

After completing the standardized dynamic warm-up, participants will receive therapist-administered hold-relax PNF stretching for the hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius, and hip flexors. Each muscle will be moved to the maximum pain-free stretch position. The participant will then perform a 6-second isometric contraction at approximately 60% to 70% of maximal voluntary effort, followed by relaxation and a 20-second therapist-assisted passive stretch at the new range limit. Three repetitions will be performed bilaterally for each muscle group, with approximately 30 seconds of rest between muscle groups. The PNF component will last

Dynamic Warm-Up Plus Classical PNF

Eligibility Criteria

• Age: 15 Years - 25 Years
• Sex: male
• Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Age Groups: Child (0-17), Adult (18-64)

You may qualify if:

• Male
• Aged 15-25 years
• Licensed amateur basketball player
• Minimum 2 years of basketball experience
• Basketball training at least 3 days per week
• No serious lower-extremity injury within the past 6 months
• No lower-extremity surgery within the past 6 months
• No acute pain or movement limitation
• No neurological, vestibular, cardiovascular, or respiratory disorder preventing exercise
• No strenuous exercise or official competition within the past 48 hours No alcohol consumption within the past 24 hours No caffeine, energy drinks, pre-workout products, or ergogenic supplements on the testing day
• Written informed consent
• Parental consent and participant assent for participants younger than 18 years

You may not qualify if:

• Acute lower-extremity muscle, tendon, ligament, or bone injury
• Knee, hip, or ankle surgery within the past 6 months
• History of major ligament, meniscal, or Achilles tendon injury
• Lumbar disc herniation, sciatica, peripheral nerve injury, or neurological disorder
• Vestibular disorder or balance impairment
• Hypertension, serious cardiovascular disease, or exercise contraindication
• Physiotherapy or lower-extremity rehabilitation within the past 3 months
• Regular structured lower-extremity stretching
• Acute infection, fever, or poor general health on the testing day
• Inability to complete the intervention or performance tests

Sponsors & Collaborators

• Istanbul Medipol University Hospital: lead

Study Sites (1)

Istanbul Medipol University, South Campus

Istanbul, 34000, Turkey (Türkiye)

Location

Central Study Contacts

Mehmet Salih TAN, PhD, : Assistant Professor

CONTACT

+90 546 726 68 76; mstan@medipol.edu.tr

Study Design

• Study Type: interventional
• Phase: not applicable
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Masking: SINGLE
• Who Masked: OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
• Masking Details: The investigator performing the physical performance assessments will be blinded to group allocation. Randomization will be conducted by an independent researcher who will not participate in outcome assessment. Group assignments will be concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Participants and the physiotherapist supervising or administering the warm-up protocols cannot be blinded because of the visible differences between the interventions. Statistical analyses will be performed using coded group labels.
• Purpose: BASIC SCIENCE
• Intervention Model: PARALLEL
• Sponsor Type: OTHER
• Responsible Party: PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
• PI Title: Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

Model Details: Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three parallel intervention arms: standard dynamic warm-up, dynamic warm-up followed by classical hold-relax proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching, or dynamic warm-up followed by short-duration self-administered proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching. Each participant will receive only the intervention assigned to their group during a single study session. Outcomes will be assessed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 15 minutes after the intervention.

Study Record Dates

• First Submitted: July 20, 2026
• First Posted: July 23, 2026
• Study Start (Estimated): August 5, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): September 10, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): September 20, 2026
• Last Updated: July 23, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Data Sharing

• IPD Sharing: Will not share

Locations

TU (1)