NCT07721792

Brief Summary

The purpose of the study is to test different categories of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) with patients who have had lower limb salvage, reconstruction or other problems impacting limb function.

Trial Health

77
On Track

Trial Health Score

Automated assessment based on enrollment pace, timeline, and geographic reach

Enrollment
75

participants targeted

Target at P50-P75 for not_applicable

Timeline
31mo left

Started Jul 2026

Typical duration for not_applicable

Geographic Reach
1 country

3 active sites

Status
recruiting

Health score is calculated from publicly available data and should be used for screening purposes only.

Trial Relationships

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Study Timeline

Key milestones and dates

First Submitted

Initial submission to the registry

March 26, 2026

Completed
4 months until next milestone

First Posted

Study publicly available on registry

July 23, 2026

Completed
8 days until next milestone

Study Start

First participant enrolled

July 31, 2026

Completed
2.4 years until next milestone

Primary Completion

Last participant's last visit for primary outcome

January 10, 2029

Expected
21 days until next milestone

Study Completion

Last participant's last visit for all outcomes

January 31, 2029

Last Updated

July 23, 2026

Status Verified

July 1, 2026

Enrollment Period

2.4 years

First QC Date

March 26, 2026

Last Update Submit

July 20, 2026

Conditions

Keywords

Ankle foot orthosis (AFO)activity monitorlower limb injurygaitactivities of daily livinglower extremity trauma

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcomes (6)

  • Timed Up & Go

    The Timed Up\& Go (TUG) assesses mobility. In this test, subjects are timed while they rise from a chair, walk 3m, turn around, return to the chair and sit down again. Subjects are usually permitted to use a walking aid, but not to use physical assistance.

    After 3-week accommodation period with device A and after 3-week accommodation period with device B.

  • Two-minute Walk Test

    The Two-minute Walk Test (2MWT) assesses walking ability. Subjects will be asked to walk the greatest distance they can in 2 minutes while walking a 15.2m 'out and back' course until asked to stop. The distance walked will be recorded as will the post-test rate of perceived exertion (6-20 Borg RPE scale).

    After 3-week accommodation period with device A and after 3-week accommodation period with device B.

  • Four-Square-Step-Test

    The Four-Square-Step-Test is a balance and agility test where the patient changes direction quickly while maintaining balance. A 1-inch-high obstacle in the shape of a Maltese cross is placed on the floor. The patient is instructed to begin in the back, left quadrant then to move 1) forward, 2) sideways right, 3) backward, then 4) sideways left, then to move in the reverse direction back to the original square. They move as fast as possible through their movement progression while always keeping one foot on the floor.

    After 3-week accommodation period with device A and after 3-week accommodation period with device B.

  • Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale

    The Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale) is a 16-item self-report tool that measures an individual's confidence in performing daily activities without losing balance or feeling unsteady. Participants rate their confidence for each activity on a 0% to 100% scale where 0% indicates no confidence and 100% indicates complete confidence.

    After 3-week accommodation period with device A and after 3-week accommodation period with device B.

  • Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)

    The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pain Interference (PROMIS-PI) is a standardized, self-reported tool designed to assess the extent to which pain disrupts a person's daily activities and quality of life. The PROMIS-PI evaluates the impact of pain on social, physical, emotional and cognitive functioning. Responses are rated on a 5-point scale from "never" to "very much" regarding how pain interfered with activities in the past week.

    After 3-week accommodation period with device A and after 3-week accommodation period with device B. Monthly for 12 months after accommodation period with device B.

  • Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS)

    The OPUS is a self-report questionnaire consisting of five modules. The following four modules related to the lower extremity will be used: 1) Lower Extremity Functional Status Measure, 2) Health Related Quality of Life Index, 3) Satisfaction with Devices and 4) Satisfaction with Services. The first two modules are based on a five-point Likert scale and nominal Yes/No scale while the latter two use a four-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicate better outcomes.

    After 3-week accommodation period with device A and after 3-week accommodation period with device B. Monthly for 12 months after accommodation period with device B.

Secondary Outcomes (2)

  • Preference

    Before and after each accommodation and training period. At 12 month follow-up.

  • Activity monitoring

    Monthly for 12 months after initial two accommodation and training periods

Study Arms (2)

Conventional Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Limited function; thermoplastic or thermoset material

Device: Conventional Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

Advanced Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

ACTIVE COMPARATOR

Return stored energy; laminated; may include posterior struts; higher activity

Device: Advanced Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

Interventions

Subjects will be initially fit with the AFO category they do not use on a daily basis to ensure they have both AFO categories for the study. These "advanced" AFOs have been developed to offer energy-storing-and-returning (ESR) properties to the user. Advanced Ankle Foot Orthoses include designs that are widely believed to return stored energy in late stance. These designs are laminated and may include posterior struts.

Also known as: Advanced AFO
Advanced Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

Subjects will be initially fit with the AFO category they do not use on a daily basis to ensure they have both AFO categories for the study. Conventional Ankle Foot Orthoses have been more commonly used in past decades. AFOs within the conventional category generally include designs that will not return stored energy in late stance. These designs may vary in material construction and componentry. For instance, mechanical joints can be incorporated but do not have to be for inclusion in this group. AFOs in this category may be thermoplastic materials or thermoset laminate. The devices may be off-the-shelf or custom molded to the patient.

Also known as: Conventional AFO, Traditional AFO
Conventional Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

Eligibility Criteria

Age18 Years - 80 Years
Sexall
Healthy VolunteersNo
Age GroupsAdult (18-64), Older Adult (65+)

You may qualify if:

  • Lower extremity injury of any etiology requiring current use of an AFO
  • Age 18-80 years
  • lbs
  • Greater than 1 month of AFO experience
  • Use of an AFO for activities of daily living
  • English or Spanish speaking
  • Able to comply with study procedures

You may not qualify if:

  • Body mass less than 100 or greater than 275 lbs.
  • Over 80 years of age
  • Known cognitive impairment (e.g. diagnoses such as moderate/severe traumatic brain injury, dementia)
  • Inability to comply with instructions.
  • Pregnancy
  • Medical conditions that would preclude safe involvement
  • Unable to provide written informed consent.

Contact the study team to confirm eligibility.

Sponsors & Collaborators

Study Sites (3)

University of South Florida, Rehabilitation Robotics & Prosthetics Testbed (RRT)

Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States

RECRUITING

James A. Haley VA Center of Innovation of Disability & Rehab Research

Tampa, Florida, 33637, United States

RECRUITING

VA New York Harbor Healthcare System

New York, New York, 10010, United States

RECRUITING

MeSH Terms

Conditions

Leg Injuries

Condition Hierarchy (Ancestors)

Wounds and Injuries

Central Study Contacts

Stephanie L Carey, PhD

CONTACT

Study Design

Study Type
interventional
Phase
not applicable
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Masking
SINGLE
Who Masked
OUTCOMES ASSESSOR
Masking Details
Statistician
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE CARE
Intervention Model
CROSSOVER
Model Details: Randomized cross over with long term observational follow up. Conventional AFO and Advanced AFO. Assess long-term (1 year) patient-reported outcomes of advanced and conventional AFO use in individuals with lower extremity trauma.
Sponsor Type
OTHER
Responsible Party
SPONSOR

Study Record Dates

First Submitted

March 26, 2026

First Posted

July 23, 2026

Study Start

July 31, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

January 10, 2029

Study Completion (Estimated)

January 31, 2029

Last Updated

July 23, 2026

Record last verified: 2026-07

Data Sharing

IPD Sharing
Will not share

Locations